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Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major component of amyloid plaques, which are a key pathological hallmark found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We show that statins are effective at reducing Aβ in human neurons from nondemented control subjects, as well as subjects with familial AD and sp...

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Autores principales: Langness, Vanessa F., van der Kant, Rik, Das, Utpal, Wang, Louie, Chaves, Rodrigo dos Santos, Goldstein, Lawrence S. B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society for Cell Biology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8098827/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33296223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E20-05-0345
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author Langness, Vanessa F.
van der Kant, Rik
Das, Utpal
Wang, Louie
Chaves, Rodrigo dos Santos
Goldstein, Lawrence S. B.
author_facet Langness, Vanessa F.
van der Kant, Rik
Das, Utpal
Wang, Louie
Chaves, Rodrigo dos Santos
Goldstein, Lawrence S. B.
author_sort Langness, Vanessa F.
collection PubMed
description Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major component of amyloid plaques, which are a key pathological hallmark found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We show that statins are effective at reducing Aβ in human neurons from nondemented control subjects, as well as subjects with familial AD and sporadic AD. Aβ is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. While previous studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism regulates APP processing to Aβ, the mechanism is not well understood. We used iPSC-derived neurons and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays in transfected cells to elucidate how altering cholesterol metabolism influences APP processing. Altering cholesterol metabolism using statins decreased the generation of sAPPβ and increased levels of full-length APP (flAPP), indicative of reduced processing of APP by BACE1. We further show that statins decrease flAPP interaction with BACE1 and enhance APP dimerization. Additionally, statin-induced changes in APP dimerization and APP-BACE1 are dependent on cholesterol binding to APP. Our data indicate that statins reduce Aβ production by decreasing BACE1 interaction with flAPP and suggest that this process may be regulated through competition between APP dimerization and APP cholesterol binding.
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spelling pubmed-80988272021-05-07 Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization Langness, Vanessa F. van der Kant, Rik Das, Utpal Wang, Louie Chaves, Rodrigo dos Santos Goldstein, Lawrence S. B. Mol Biol Cell Articles Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major component of amyloid plaques, which are a key pathological hallmark found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We show that statins are effective at reducing Aβ in human neurons from nondemented control subjects, as well as subjects with familial AD and sporadic AD. Aβ is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. While previous studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism regulates APP processing to Aβ, the mechanism is not well understood. We used iPSC-derived neurons and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays in transfected cells to elucidate how altering cholesterol metabolism influences APP processing. Altering cholesterol metabolism using statins decreased the generation of sAPPβ and increased levels of full-length APP (flAPP), indicative of reduced processing of APP by BACE1. We further show that statins decrease flAPP interaction with BACE1 and enhance APP dimerization. Additionally, statin-induced changes in APP dimerization and APP-BACE1 are dependent on cholesterol binding to APP. Our data indicate that statins reduce Aβ production by decreasing BACE1 interaction with flAPP and suggest that this process may be regulated through competition between APP dimerization and APP cholesterol binding. The American Society for Cell Biology 2021-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8098827/ /pubmed/33296223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E20-05-0345 Text en © 2021 Langness et al. “ASCB®,” “The American Society for Cell Biology®,” and “Molecular Biology of the Cell®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License.
spellingShingle Articles
Langness, Vanessa F.
van der Kant, Rik
Das, Utpal
Wang, Louie
Chaves, Rodrigo dos Santos
Goldstein, Lawrence S. B.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization
title Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization
title_full Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization
title_fullStr Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization
title_full_unstemmed Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization
title_short Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization
title_sort cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce app processing to aβ by inducing app dimerization
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8098827/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33296223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E20-05-0345
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