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Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting

High-level dressage horses regularly perform advanced movements, requiring coordination and force transmission between front and hind limbs across the thoracolumbosacral region. This study aimed at quantifying kinematic differences in dressage horses when ridden in sitting trot–i.e. with additional...

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Autores principales: MacKechnie-Guire, Russell, Pfau, Thilo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8101941/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33956858
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251144
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author MacKechnie-Guire, Russell
Pfau, Thilo
author_facet MacKechnie-Guire, Russell
Pfau, Thilo
author_sort MacKechnie-Guire, Russell
collection PubMed
description High-level dressage horses regularly perform advanced movements, requiring coordination and force transmission between front and hind limbs across the thoracolumbosacral region. This study aimed at quantifying kinematic differences in dressage horses when ridden in sitting trot–i.e. with additional load applied in the thoracolumbar region–compared with trotting in-hand. Inertial sensors were glued on to the midline of the thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) spine at T5, T13, T18, L3 and middle of the left and right tubera sacrale of ten elite dressage horses (Mean±SD), age 11±1 years, height 1.70±0.10m and body mass 600±24kg; first trotted in-hand, then ridden in sitting trot on an arena surface by four Grand Prix dressage riders. Straight-line motion cycles were analysed using a general linear model (random factor: horse; fixed factor: exercise condition; covariate: stride time, Bonferroni post hoc correction: P<0.05). Differential roll, pitch and yaw angles between adjacent sensors were calculated. In sitting trot, compared to trotting in-hand, there was increased pitch (mean±S.D), (in-hand, 3.9 (0.5°, sitting trot 6.3 (0.3°, P = <0.0001), roll (in-hand, 7.7 (1.1°, sitting trot 11.6 (0.9°, P = 0.003) and heading values (in-hand, 4.2 (0.8), sitting trot 9.5 (0.6°, P = <0.0001) in the caudal thoracic and lumbar region (T18-L3) and a decrease in heading values (in-hand, 7.1 (0.5°, sitting trot 5.2 (0.3°, P = 0.01) in the cranial thoracic region (T5-T13). Kinematics of the caudal thoracic and lumbar spine are influenced by the rider when in sitting trot, whilst lateral bending is reduced in the cranial thoracic region. This biomechanical difference with the addition of a rider, emphasises the importance of observing horses during ridden exercise, when assessing them as part of a loss of performance assessment.
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spelling pubmed-81019412021-05-17 Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting MacKechnie-Guire, Russell Pfau, Thilo PLoS One Research Article High-level dressage horses regularly perform advanced movements, requiring coordination and force transmission between front and hind limbs across the thoracolumbosacral region. This study aimed at quantifying kinematic differences in dressage horses when ridden in sitting trot–i.e. with additional load applied in the thoracolumbar region–compared with trotting in-hand. Inertial sensors were glued on to the midline of the thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) spine at T5, T13, T18, L3 and middle of the left and right tubera sacrale of ten elite dressage horses (Mean±SD), age 11±1 years, height 1.70±0.10m and body mass 600±24kg; first trotted in-hand, then ridden in sitting trot on an arena surface by four Grand Prix dressage riders. Straight-line motion cycles were analysed using a general linear model (random factor: horse; fixed factor: exercise condition; covariate: stride time, Bonferroni post hoc correction: P<0.05). Differential roll, pitch and yaw angles between adjacent sensors were calculated. In sitting trot, compared to trotting in-hand, there was increased pitch (mean±S.D), (in-hand, 3.9 (0.5°, sitting trot 6.3 (0.3°, P = <0.0001), roll (in-hand, 7.7 (1.1°, sitting trot 11.6 (0.9°, P = 0.003) and heading values (in-hand, 4.2 (0.8), sitting trot 9.5 (0.6°, P = <0.0001) in the caudal thoracic and lumbar region (T18-L3) and a decrease in heading values (in-hand, 7.1 (0.5°, sitting trot 5.2 (0.3°, P = 0.01) in the cranial thoracic region (T5-T13). Kinematics of the caudal thoracic and lumbar spine are influenced by the rider when in sitting trot, whilst lateral bending is reduced in the cranial thoracic region. This biomechanical difference with the addition of a rider, emphasises the importance of observing horses during ridden exercise, when assessing them as part of a loss of performance assessment. Public Library of Science 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8101941/ /pubmed/33956858 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251144 Text en © 2021 MacKechnie-Guire, Pfau https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
MacKechnie-Guire, Russell
Pfau, Thilo
Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
title Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
title_full Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
title_fullStr Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
title_full_unstemmed Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
title_short Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
title_sort differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8101941/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33956858
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251144
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