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Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration?
“Extracellular vesicles” (EVs) is a term gathering biological particles released from cells that act as messengers for cell-to-cell communication. Like cells, EVs have a membrane with a lipid bilayer, but unlike these latter, they have no nucleus and consequently cannot replicate. Several EV subtype...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8102683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33968913 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.645039 |
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author | Velot, Émilie Madry, Henning Venkatesan, Jagadeesh K. Bianchi, Arnaud Cucchiarini, Magali |
author_facet | Velot, Émilie Madry, Henning Venkatesan, Jagadeesh K. Bianchi, Arnaud Cucchiarini, Magali |
author_sort | Velot, Émilie |
collection | PubMed |
description | “Extracellular vesicles” (EVs) is a term gathering biological particles released from cells that act as messengers for cell-to-cell communication. Like cells, EVs have a membrane with a lipid bilayer, but unlike these latter, they have no nucleus and consequently cannot replicate. Several EV subtypes (e.g., exosomes, microvesicles) are described in the literature. However, the remaining lack of consensus on their specific markers prevents sometimes the full knowledge of their biogenesis pathway, causing the authors to focus on their biological effects and not their origins. EV signals depend on their cargo, which can be naturally sourced or altered (e.g., cell engineering). The ability for regeneration of adult articular cartilage is limited because this avascular tissue is partly made of chondrocytes with a poor proliferation rate and migration capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) had been extensively used in numerous in vitro and preclinical animal models for cartilage regeneration, and it has been demonstrated that their therapeutic effects are due to paracrine mechanisms involving EVs. Hence, using MSC-derived EVs as cell-free therapy tools has become a new therapeutic approach to improve regenerative medicine. EV-based therapy seems to show similar cartilage regenerative potential compared with stem cell transplantation without the associated hindrances (e.g., chromosomal aberrations, immunogenicity). The aim of this short review is to take stock of occurring EV-based treatments for cartilage regeneration according to their healing effects. The article focuses on cartilage regeneration through various sources used to isolate EVs (mature or stem cells among others) and beneficial effects depending on cargos produced from natural or tuned EVs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8102683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81026832021-05-08 Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? Velot, Émilie Madry, Henning Venkatesan, Jagadeesh K. Bianchi, Arnaud Cucchiarini, Magali Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology “Extracellular vesicles” (EVs) is a term gathering biological particles released from cells that act as messengers for cell-to-cell communication. Like cells, EVs have a membrane with a lipid bilayer, but unlike these latter, they have no nucleus and consequently cannot replicate. Several EV subtypes (e.g., exosomes, microvesicles) are described in the literature. However, the remaining lack of consensus on their specific markers prevents sometimes the full knowledge of their biogenesis pathway, causing the authors to focus on their biological effects and not their origins. EV signals depend on their cargo, which can be naturally sourced or altered (e.g., cell engineering). The ability for regeneration of adult articular cartilage is limited because this avascular tissue is partly made of chondrocytes with a poor proliferation rate and migration capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) had been extensively used in numerous in vitro and preclinical animal models for cartilage regeneration, and it has been demonstrated that their therapeutic effects are due to paracrine mechanisms involving EVs. Hence, using MSC-derived EVs as cell-free therapy tools has become a new therapeutic approach to improve regenerative medicine. EV-based therapy seems to show similar cartilage regenerative potential compared with stem cell transplantation without the associated hindrances (e.g., chromosomal aberrations, immunogenicity). The aim of this short review is to take stock of occurring EV-based treatments for cartilage regeneration according to their healing effects. The article focuses on cartilage regeneration through various sources used to isolate EVs (mature or stem cells among others) and beneficial effects depending on cargos produced from natural or tuned EVs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8102683/ /pubmed/33968913 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.645039 Text en Copyright © 2021 Velot, Madry, Venkatesan, Bianchi and Cucchiarini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Velot, Émilie Madry, Henning Venkatesan, Jagadeesh K. Bianchi, Arnaud Cucchiarini, Magali Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? |
title | Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? |
title_full | Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? |
title_fullStr | Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? |
title_full_unstemmed | Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? |
title_short | Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration? |
title_sort | is extracellular vesicle-based therapy the next answer for cartilage regeneration? |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8102683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33968913 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.645039 |
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