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Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue
The depletion profiles of olaquindox and its six major metabolites, including O1 (N(1)-deoxyolaquindox), O2 (deoxyolaquindox), O3 (2-carboxamide-3-methylquinoxaline-N(4)-oxide), O4 (2-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-3-methylquinoxaline-N(4)-oxide), O5 (2-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-3-methylquinoxaline), a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8102773/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33969036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.638358 |
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author | Zhang, Heying Qu, Wei Ding, Chaoyue Han, Juncheng Xie, Shuyu Liu, Zhenli Huang, Lingli Pan, Yuanhu Yuan, Zonghui |
author_facet | Zhang, Heying Qu, Wei Ding, Chaoyue Han, Juncheng Xie, Shuyu Liu, Zhenli Huang, Lingli Pan, Yuanhu Yuan, Zonghui |
author_sort | Zhang, Heying |
collection | PubMed |
description | The depletion profiles of olaquindox and its six major metabolites, including O1 (N(1)-deoxyolaquindox), O2 (deoxyolaquindox), O3 (2-carboxamide-3-methylquinoxaline-N(4)-oxide), O4 (2-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-3-methylquinoxaline-N(4)-oxide), O5 (2-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-3-methylquinoxaline), and O6 [3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA)] were studied with a sensitive and accurate HPLC-UV method in pigs and broilers after oral administration of olaquindox at the rate of 50 mg kg(−1) feed for 14 consecutive days. Five medicated pigs and six medicated broilers and one control animal for each time point were anesthetized and killed at different time points (6 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days for pigs and 6 h and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days for broilers) after ingestion of the medicated feed ceased and samples of muscle, liver, kidney, and fat were collected. The samples were assayed using a liquid chromatographic method. Mean concentrations of O2 (deoxyolaquindox) metabolite residues in all tissues of pigs were higher than other metabolite residues at each time point. MQCA was detected at lower concentrations and eliminated more rapidly than deoxyolaquindox (calculated t(1/2) 1.78–2.28 days vs. t(1/2) 2.04–2.46 days). The elimination half-lives of deoxyolaquindox residue in broilers' liver and kidney tissues (t(1/2) >4 days) were much longer than those in pigs. Thus, the use of olaquindox in poultry is clearly inappropriate, as significant drug residues will occur without a withdrawal time. The results that deoxyolaquindox occurs at higher concentrations in kidney tissue and is more persistent than other residues in edible tissues of pigs which indicate that deoxyolaquindox is the most relevant marker residue and should be monitored in the routine surveillance of olaquindox-related residues in foods of animal origin. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8102773 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81027732021-05-08 Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue Zhang, Heying Qu, Wei Ding, Chaoyue Han, Juncheng Xie, Shuyu Liu, Zhenli Huang, Lingli Pan, Yuanhu Yuan, Zonghui Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The depletion profiles of olaquindox and its six major metabolites, including O1 (N(1)-deoxyolaquindox), O2 (deoxyolaquindox), O3 (2-carboxamide-3-methylquinoxaline-N(4)-oxide), O4 (2-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-3-methylquinoxaline-N(4)-oxide), O5 (2-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-3-methylquinoxaline), and O6 [3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA)] were studied with a sensitive and accurate HPLC-UV method in pigs and broilers after oral administration of olaquindox at the rate of 50 mg kg(−1) feed for 14 consecutive days. Five medicated pigs and six medicated broilers and one control animal for each time point were anesthetized and killed at different time points (6 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days for pigs and 6 h and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days for broilers) after ingestion of the medicated feed ceased and samples of muscle, liver, kidney, and fat were collected. The samples were assayed using a liquid chromatographic method. Mean concentrations of O2 (deoxyolaquindox) metabolite residues in all tissues of pigs were higher than other metabolite residues at each time point. MQCA was detected at lower concentrations and eliminated more rapidly than deoxyolaquindox (calculated t(1/2) 1.78–2.28 days vs. t(1/2) 2.04–2.46 days). The elimination half-lives of deoxyolaquindox residue in broilers' liver and kidney tissues (t(1/2) >4 days) were much longer than those in pigs. Thus, the use of olaquindox in poultry is clearly inappropriate, as significant drug residues will occur without a withdrawal time. The results that deoxyolaquindox occurs at higher concentrations in kidney tissue and is more persistent than other residues in edible tissues of pigs which indicate that deoxyolaquindox is the most relevant marker residue and should be monitored in the routine surveillance of olaquindox-related residues in foods of animal origin. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8102773/ /pubmed/33969036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.638358 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Qu, Ding, Han, Xie, Liu, Huang, Pan and Yuan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Zhang, Heying Qu, Wei Ding, Chaoyue Han, Juncheng Xie, Shuyu Liu, Zhenli Huang, Lingli Pan, Yuanhu Yuan, Zonghui Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue |
title | Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue |
title_full | Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue |
title_fullStr | Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue |
title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue |
title_short | Tissue Depletion of Olaquindox and Its Six Metabolites in Pigs and Broilers: Identification of a Suitable Marker Residue |
title_sort | tissue depletion of olaquindox and its six metabolites in pigs and broilers: identification of a suitable marker residue |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8102773/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33969036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.638358 |
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