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Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family. Despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this pathogen. Short-read sequencing (SRS) can produce a huge amount of high-precision sequencing reads for t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103240/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040579 |
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author | Torma, Gábor Tombácz, Dóra Csabai, Zsolt Moldován, Norbert Mészáros, István Zádori, Zoltán Boldogkői, Zsolt |
author_facet | Torma, Gábor Tombácz, Dóra Csabai, Zsolt Moldován, Norbert Mészáros, István Zádori, Zoltán Boldogkői, Zsolt |
author_sort | Torma, Gábor |
collection | PubMed |
description | African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family. Despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this pathogen. Short-read sequencing (SRS) can produce a huge amount of high-precision sequencing reads for transcriptomic profiling, but it is inefficient for comprehensively annotating transcriptomes. Long-read sequencing (LRS) can overcome some of SRS’s limitations, but it also has drawbacks, such as low-coverage and high error rate. The limitations of the two approaches can be surmounted by the combined use of these techniques. In this study, we used Illumina SRS and Oxford Nanopore Technologies LRS platforms with multiple library preparation methods (amplified and direct cDNA sequencings and native RNA sequencing) for constructing the ASFV transcriptomic atlas. This work identified many novel transcripts and transcript isoforms and annotated the precise termini of previously described RNAs. This study identified a novel species of ASFV transcripts, the replication origin-associated RNAs. Additionally, we discovered several nested genes embedded into larger canonical genes. In contrast to the current view that the ASFV transcripts are monocistronic, we detected a significant extent of polycistronism, although a large proportion of these transcripts are expressed in low abundance. A multifaceted meshwork of transcriptional overlaps was also discovered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8103240 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81032402021-05-08 Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus Torma, Gábor Tombácz, Dóra Csabai, Zsolt Moldován, Norbert Mészáros, István Zádori, Zoltán Boldogkői, Zsolt Viruses Article African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family. Despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this pathogen. Short-read sequencing (SRS) can produce a huge amount of high-precision sequencing reads for transcriptomic profiling, but it is inefficient for comprehensively annotating transcriptomes. Long-read sequencing (LRS) can overcome some of SRS’s limitations, but it also has drawbacks, such as low-coverage and high error rate. The limitations of the two approaches can be surmounted by the combined use of these techniques. In this study, we used Illumina SRS and Oxford Nanopore Technologies LRS platforms with multiple library preparation methods (amplified and direct cDNA sequencings and native RNA sequencing) for constructing the ASFV transcriptomic atlas. This work identified many novel transcripts and transcript isoforms and annotated the precise termini of previously described RNAs. This study identified a novel species of ASFV transcripts, the replication origin-associated RNAs. Additionally, we discovered several nested genes embedded into larger canonical genes. In contrast to the current view that the ASFV transcripts are monocistronic, we detected a significant extent of polycistronism, although a large proportion of these transcripts are expressed in low abundance. A multifaceted meshwork of transcriptional overlaps was also discovered. MDPI 2021-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8103240/ /pubmed/33808073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040579 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Torma, Gábor Tombácz, Dóra Csabai, Zsolt Moldován, Norbert Mészáros, István Zádori, Zoltán Boldogkői, Zsolt Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus |
title | Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_full | Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_fullStr | Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_full_unstemmed | Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_short | Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_sort | combined short and long-read sequencing reveals a complex transcriptomic architecture of african swine fever virus |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103240/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040579 |
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