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Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Madagascar. The WHO recommends preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary approach to control Schistosoma mansoni–related morbidity in endemic populations, alongside complementary interventions such a...

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Autores principales: Spencer, Stephen A., Linder, Cortland, Penney, James M. StJ., Russell, Hannah J., Hyde, Kate, Sheehy, Caitlin, Reid, Alice, Andriamasy, Emmanuel H., Raderalazasoa, Gina U., Rakotomampianina, Daniel A. L., Nandimbiniaina, Anjara M., Ranaivoson, Tahiry N., Andrianiaina, Antsa, Cruickshank, Sheena M., Bustinduy, Amaya L., Stothard, J. Russell, Edosoa, Glenn T., Rahetilahy, Alain M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33684064
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1433
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author Spencer, Stephen A.
Linder, Cortland
Penney, James M. StJ.
Russell, Hannah J.
Hyde, Kate
Sheehy, Caitlin
Reid, Alice
Andriamasy, Emmanuel H.
Raderalazasoa, Gina U.
Rakotomampianina, Daniel A. L.
Nandimbiniaina, Anjara M.
Ranaivoson, Tahiry N.
Andrianiaina, Antsa
Cruickshank, Sheena M.
Bustinduy, Amaya L.
Stothard, J. Russell
Edosoa, Glenn T.
Rahetilahy, Alain M.
author_facet Spencer, Stephen A.
Linder, Cortland
Penney, James M. StJ.
Russell, Hannah J.
Hyde, Kate
Sheehy, Caitlin
Reid, Alice
Andriamasy, Emmanuel H.
Raderalazasoa, Gina U.
Rakotomampianina, Daniel A. L.
Nandimbiniaina, Anjara M.
Ranaivoson, Tahiry N.
Andrianiaina, Antsa
Cruickshank, Sheena M.
Bustinduy, Amaya L.
Stothard, J. Russell
Edosoa, Glenn T.
Rahetilahy, Alain M.
author_sort Spencer, Stephen A.
collection PubMed
description Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Madagascar. The WHO recommends preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary approach to control Schistosoma mansoni–related morbidity in endemic populations, alongside complementary interventions such as health education. The impact of annual MDA and health education programs was assessed in the hard-to-reach Marolambo district of eastern Madagascar, an area endemic for S. mansoni. Repeated cross-sectional studies undertaken 2015–2019 examined between 300 and 381 school-aged children (aged 5–14 years) annually. The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mansoni were assessed by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy using Kato–Katz (KK) methodologies. After four rounds of annual MDA, a reduction in S. mansoni prevalence was seen in CCA (93.9% in year 1–87.7% in year 5; P = 0.007) and KK (73.9% in year 1–59.4% in year 5; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of heavy-intensity infections roughly halved from 23.7% to 10.1% (P < 0.0001), and the mean intensity of infection fell by 55.0% (480.2–216.3 eggs per gram of feces). A malacological survey found Biomphalaria pfeifferi snail intermediate hosts in multiple water contact sites including rice paddies, streams, and Nosivolo River. Despite reductions in infection prevalence and intensity, schistosomiasis still poses a significant public health challenge in Marolambo district. Twice yearly MDA cycles and/or community-wide MDA are suggested to better reduce infections. Expanding health education, improving standards of water, sanitation and hygiene, and attention on snail-related control will also be important, especially in rice paddy irrigated areas.
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spelling pubmed-81034372021-05-10 Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar Spencer, Stephen A. Linder, Cortland Penney, James M. StJ. Russell, Hannah J. Hyde, Kate Sheehy, Caitlin Reid, Alice Andriamasy, Emmanuel H. Raderalazasoa, Gina U. Rakotomampianina, Daniel A. L. Nandimbiniaina, Anjara M. Ranaivoson, Tahiry N. Andrianiaina, Antsa Cruickshank, Sheena M. Bustinduy, Amaya L. Stothard, J. Russell Edosoa, Glenn T. Rahetilahy, Alain M. Am J Trop Med Hyg Articles Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Madagascar. The WHO recommends preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary approach to control Schistosoma mansoni–related morbidity in endemic populations, alongside complementary interventions such as health education. The impact of annual MDA and health education programs was assessed in the hard-to-reach Marolambo district of eastern Madagascar, an area endemic for S. mansoni. Repeated cross-sectional studies undertaken 2015–2019 examined between 300 and 381 school-aged children (aged 5–14 years) annually. The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mansoni were assessed by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy using Kato–Katz (KK) methodologies. After four rounds of annual MDA, a reduction in S. mansoni prevalence was seen in CCA (93.9% in year 1–87.7% in year 5; P = 0.007) and KK (73.9% in year 1–59.4% in year 5; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of heavy-intensity infections roughly halved from 23.7% to 10.1% (P < 0.0001), and the mean intensity of infection fell by 55.0% (480.2–216.3 eggs per gram of feces). A malacological survey found Biomphalaria pfeifferi snail intermediate hosts in multiple water contact sites including rice paddies, streams, and Nosivolo River. Despite reductions in infection prevalence and intensity, schistosomiasis still poses a significant public health challenge in Marolambo district. Twice yearly MDA cycles and/or community-wide MDA are suggested to better reduce infections. Expanding health education, improving standards of water, sanitation and hygiene, and attention on snail-related control will also be important, especially in rice paddy irrigated areas. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021-05 2021-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8103437/ /pubmed/33684064 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1433 Text en © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Open Access statement. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.
spellingShingle Articles
Spencer, Stephen A.
Linder, Cortland
Penney, James M. StJ.
Russell, Hannah J.
Hyde, Kate
Sheehy, Caitlin
Reid, Alice
Andriamasy, Emmanuel H.
Raderalazasoa, Gina U.
Rakotomampianina, Daniel A. L.
Nandimbiniaina, Anjara M.
Ranaivoson, Tahiry N.
Andrianiaina, Antsa
Cruickshank, Sheena M.
Bustinduy, Amaya L.
Stothard, J. Russell
Edosoa, Glenn T.
Rahetilahy, Alain M.
Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
title Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
title_full Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
title_fullStr Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
title_full_unstemmed Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
title_short Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
title_sort five-year follow-up on the prevalence and intensity of infections of schistosoma mansoni in a hard-to-reach district of madagascar
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33684064
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1433
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