Epidemiology and Challenges of HBV/HIV Co-Infection Amongst HIV-Infected Patients in Endemic Areas: Review

With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment, HIV-related morbidity and mortality have declined. But underlying hepatitis B virus infection remains the major cause of AIDS-defined illness and liver-related disease progression mainly in endemic settings. Moreover, HBV–HIV co-infection is the leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death. This review paper emphasizes reviewing the burden and impact of HBV–HIV co-infection in liver-related disease progression, immune recovery, and therapeutic management of HIV-infected individuals on ART regimen.