Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis

The irruption of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 has been of pandemic proportions due to its rapid spread and virulence. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory, digestive and neurological symptoms. Distinctive symptom as anosmia, suggests a potential neurotropism of this virus. Amongst the several pathways...

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Autores principales: Llorens, Sílvia, Nava, Eduardo, Muñoz-López, Mónica, Sánchez-Larsen, Álvaro, Segura, Tomás
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Immunology
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33981312
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.665300
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author Llorens, Sílvia
Nava, Eduardo
Muñoz-López, Mónica
Sánchez-Larsen, Álvaro
Segura, Tomás
author_facet Llorens, Sílvia
Nava, Eduardo
Muñoz-López, Mónica
Sánchez-Larsen, Álvaro
Segura, Tomás
author_sort Llorens, Sílvia
collection PubMed
description The irruption of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 has been of pandemic proportions due to its rapid spread and virulence. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory, digestive and neurological symptoms. Distinctive symptom as anosmia, suggests a potential neurotropism of this virus. Amongst the several pathways of entry to the nervous system, we propose an alternative pathway from the infection of the gut, involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), zonulin, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and zonulin brain receptor. Possible use of zonulin antagonists could be investigated to attenuate neurological manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-19 infection.
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spelling pubmed-81072072021-05-11 Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis Llorens, Sílvia Nava, Eduardo Muñoz-López, Mónica Sánchez-Larsen, Álvaro Segura, Tomás Front Immunol Immunology The irruption of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 has been of pandemic proportions due to its rapid spread and virulence. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory, digestive and neurological symptoms. Distinctive symptom as anosmia, suggests a potential neurotropism of this virus. Amongst the several pathways of entry to the nervous system, we propose an alternative pathway from the infection of the gut, involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), zonulin, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and zonulin brain receptor. Possible use of zonulin antagonists could be investigated to attenuate neurological manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-19 infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8107207/ /pubmed/33981312 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.665300 Text en Copyright © 2021 Llorens, Nava, Muñoz-López, Sánchez-Larsen and Segura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Llorens, Sílvia
Nava, Eduardo
Muñoz-López, Mónica
Sánchez-Larsen, Álvaro
Segura, Tomás
Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis
title Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis
title_full Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis
title_fullStr Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis
title_short Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis
title_sort neurological symptoms of covid-19: the zonulin hypothesis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33981312
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.665300
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