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Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy
The cattle industry is a major driving force for the Italian agricultural sector totalling about 5. 6 million heads for dairy and meat production together. It is particularly developed in the northern part of the country, where 70% of the whole Italian cattle population is reared. The cattle industr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107282/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33981747 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.665607 |
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author | Tamba, Marco Pallante, Ivana Petrini, Stefano Feliziani, Francesco Iscaro, Carmen Arrigoni, Norma Di Sabatino, Daria Barberio, Antonio Cibin, Veronica Santi, Annalisa Ianniello, Marco Ruocco, Luigi Pozzato, Nicola |
author_facet | Tamba, Marco Pallante, Ivana Petrini, Stefano Feliziani, Francesco Iscaro, Carmen Arrigoni, Norma Di Sabatino, Daria Barberio, Antonio Cibin, Veronica Santi, Annalisa Ianniello, Marco Ruocco, Luigi Pozzato, Nicola |
author_sort | Tamba, Marco |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cattle industry is a major driving force for the Italian agricultural sector totalling about 5. 6 million heads for dairy and meat production together. It is particularly developed in the northern part of the country, where 70% of the whole Italian cattle population is reared. The cattle industry development in the rest of the country is hampered by the hard orography of the territories and a variety of socioeconomic features leading to the persistence of the traditional rural farming systems. The differences in the farming systems (industrial vs. traditional) also affect the health status of the farms. Whereas, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) is almost eradicated across the whole country, in Southern Italy where Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis are still present and Bluetongue is endemic due to the presence of the competent vector (Culicoides imicola), less investments are aimed at controlling diseases with economic impact or at improving farm biosecurity. On the other hand, with the eradication of these diseases in most part of the country, the need has emerged for reducing the economic burden of non-regulated endemic disease and control programs (CPs) for specific diseases have been implemented at regional level, based on the needs of each territory (for instance common grazing or trading with neighboring countries). This explains the coexistence of different types of programs in force throughout the country. Nowadays in Italy, among cattle diseases with little or no EU regulations only three are regulated by a national CP: Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Bluetongue and Paratuberculosis, while Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis and Trichomonosis are nationwide controlled only in breeding bulls. For some of the remaining diseases (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Streptococcus agalactiae) specific CPs have been implemented by the regional Authorities, but for most of them a CP does not exist at all. However, there is a growing awareness among farmers and public health authorities that animal diseases have a major impact not only on the farm profitability but also on animal welfare and on the use of antibiotics in livestock. It is probable that in the near future other CPs will be implemented. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8107282 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81072822021-05-11 Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy Tamba, Marco Pallante, Ivana Petrini, Stefano Feliziani, Francesco Iscaro, Carmen Arrigoni, Norma Di Sabatino, Daria Barberio, Antonio Cibin, Veronica Santi, Annalisa Ianniello, Marco Ruocco, Luigi Pozzato, Nicola Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The cattle industry is a major driving force for the Italian agricultural sector totalling about 5. 6 million heads for dairy and meat production together. It is particularly developed in the northern part of the country, where 70% of the whole Italian cattle population is reared. The cattle industry development in the rest of the country is hampered by the hard orography of the territories and a variety of socioeconomic features leading to the persistence of the traditional rural farming systems. The differences in the farming systems (industrial vs. traditional) also affect the health status of the farms. Whereas, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) is almost eradicated across the whole country, in Southern Italy where Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis are still present and Bluetongue is endemic due to the presence of the competent vector (Culicoides imicola), less investments are aimed at controlling diseases with economic impact or at improving farm biosecurity. On the other hand, with the eradication of these diseases in most part of the country, the need has emerged for reducing the economic burden of non-regulated endemic disease and control programs (CPs) for specific diseases have been implemented at regional level, based on the needs of each territory (for instance common grazing or trading with neighboring countries). This explains the coexistence of different types of programs in force throughout the country. Nowadays in Italy, among cattle diseases with little or no EU regulations only three are regulated by a national CP: Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Bluetongue and Paratuberculosis, while Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis and Trichomonosis are nationwide controlled only in breeding bulls. For some of the remaining diseases (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Streptococcus agalactiae) specific CPs have been implemented by the regional Authorities, but for most of them a CP does not exist at all. However, there is a growing awareness among farmers and public health authorities that animal diseases have a major impact not only on the farm profitability but also on animal welfare and on the use of antibiotics in livestock. It is probable that in the near future other CPs will be implemented. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8107282/ /pubmed/33981747 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.665607 Text en Copyright © 2021 Tamba, Pallante, Petrini, Feliziani, Iscaro, Arrigoni, Di Sabatino, Barberio, Cibin, Santi, Ianniello, Ruocco and Pozzato. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Tamba, Marco Pallante, Ivana Petrini, Stefano Feliziani, Francesco Iscaro, Carmen Arrigoni, Norma Di Sabatino, Daria Barberio, Antonio Cibin, Veronica Santi, Annalisa Ianniello, Marco Ruocco, Luigi Pozzato, Nicola Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy |
title | Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy |
title_full | Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy |
title_fullStr | Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy |
title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy |
title_short | Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy |
title_sort | overview of control programs for twenty-four infectious cattle diseases in italy |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107282/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33981747 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.665607 |
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