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Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering

The proper timing of flowering in response to environmental changes is critical for ensuring crop yields. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family play important roles as floral integrators in many crops. In soybean, we identified 17 genes of this family...

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Autores principales: Lee, Su Hyeon, Choi, Cheol Woo, Park, Kyoung Mi, Jung, Wook-Hun, Chun, Hyun Jin, Baek, Dongwon, Cho, Hyun Min, Jin, Byung Jun, Park, Mi Suk, No, Dong Hyeon, Lim, Lack Hyeon, Shim, Sang In, Chung, Jong Il, Kim, Min Chul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33981322
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.613675
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author Lee, Su Hyeon
Choi, Cheol Woo
Park, Kyoung Mi
Jung, Wook-Hun
Chun, Hyun Jin
Baek, Dongwon
Cho, Hyun Min
Jin, Byung Jun
Park, Mi Suk
No, Dong Hyeon
Lim, Lack Hyeon
Shim, Sang In
Chung, Jong Il
Kim, Min Chul
author_facet Lee, Su Hyeon
Choi, Cheol Woo
Park, Kyoung Mi
Jung, Wook-Hun
Chun, Hyun Jin
Baek, Dongwon
Cho, Hyun Min
Jin, Byung Jun
Park, Mi Suk
No, Dong Hyeon
Lim, Lack Hyeon
Shim, Sang In
Chung, Jong Il
Kim, Min Chul
author_sort Lee, Su Hyeon
collection PubMed
description The proper timing of flowering in response to environmental changes is critical for ensuring crop yields. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family play important roles as floral integrators in many crops. In soybean, we identified 17 genes of this family, and characterized biological functions in flowering for ten FT homologs. Overexpression of GmFT homologs in Arabidopsis revealed that a set of GmFT homologs, including GmFT2a/2b, GmFT3a/3b, and GmFT5a/5b, promoted flowering similar to FT; in contrast, GmFT1a/1b, GmFT4, and GmFT6 delayed flowering. Consistently, expressions of GmFT2a, GmFT2b, and GmFT5a were induced in soybean leaves in response to floral inductive short days, whereas expressions of GmFT1a and GmFT4 were induced in response to long days. Exon swapping analysis between floral activator GmFT2a and floral repressor GmFT4 revealed that the segment B region in the fourth exon is critical for their antagonistic functions. Finally, expression analysis of GmFT2a, GmFT5a, and GmFT4 in soybean accessions exhibiting various flowering times indicated that the mRNA levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a were higher in early flowering accessions than in late-flowering accessions, while GmFT4 showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, the relative mRNA levels between GmFT2a/GmFT5a and GmFT4 was important in determining day length-dependent flowering in soybean accessions. Taken together, our results suggest that the functions of GmFT homologs have diversified into floral activators and floral repressors during soybean evolution, and the timing of flowering in response to changing day length is determined by modulating the activities of antagonistic GmFT homologs.
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spelling pubmed-81074402021-05-11 Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering Lee, Su Hyeon Choi, Cheol Woo Park, Kyoung Mi Jung, Wook-Hun Chun, Hyun Jin Baek, Dongwon Cho, Hyun Min Jin, Byung Jun Park, Mi Suk No, Dong Hyeon Lim, Lack Hyeon Shim, Sang In Chung, Jong Il Kim, Min Chul Front Plant Sci Plant Science The proper timing of flowering in response to environmental changes is critical for ensuring crop yields. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family play important roles as floral integrators in many crops. In soybean, we identified 17 genes of this family, and characterized biological functions in flowering for ten FT homologs. Overexpression of GmFT homologs in Arabidopsis revealed that a set of GmFT homologs, including GmFT2a/2b, GmFT3a/3b, and GmFT5a/5b, promoted flowering similar to FT; in contrast, GmFT1a/1b, GmFT4, and GmFT6 delayed flowering. Consistently, expressions of GmFT2a, GmFT2b, and GmFT5a were induced in soybean leaves in response to floral inductive short days, whereas expressions of GmFT1a and GmFT4 were induced in response to long days. Exon swapping analysis between floral activator GmFT2a and floral repressor GmFT4 revealed that the segment B region in the fourth exon is critical for their antagonistic functions. Finally, expression analysis of GmFT2a, GmFT5a, and GmFT4 in soybean accessions exhibiting various flowering times indicated that the mRNA levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a were higher in early flowering accessions than in late-flowering accessions, while GmFT4 showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, the relative mRNA levels between GmFT2a/GmFT5a and GmFT4 was important in determining day length-dependent flowering in soybean accessions. Taken together, our results suggest that the functions of GmFT homologs have diversified into floral activators and floral repressors during soybean evolution, and the timing of flowering in response to changing day length is determined by modulating the activities of antagonistic GmFT homologs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8107440/ /pubmed/33981322 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.613675 Text en Copyright © 2021 Lee, Choi, Park, Jung, Chun, Baek, Cho, Jin, Park, No, Lim, Shim, Chung and Kim. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Lee, Su Hyeon
Choi, Cheol Woo
Park, Kyoung Mi
Jung, Wook-Hun
Chun, Hyun Jin
Baek, Dongwon
Cho, Hyun Min
Jin, Byung Jun
Park, Mi Suk
No, Dong Hyeon
Lim, Lack Hyeon
Shim, Sang In
Chung, Jong Il
Kim, Min Chul
Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering
title Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering
title_full Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering
title_fullStr Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering
title_full_unstemmed Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering
title_short Diversification in Functions and Expressions of Soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T Genes Fine-Tunes Seasonal Flowering
title_sort diversification in functions and expressions of soybean flowering locus t genes fine-tunes seasonal flowering
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33981322
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.613675
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