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Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes

Renal gluconeogenesis is one of the major pathways for endogenous glucose production. Impairment in this process may contribute to hyperglycemia in cases with insulin resistance and diabetes. We reviewed pertinent studies to elucidate the role of renal gluconeogenesis regulation in insulin resistanc...

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Autores principales: Sharma, Rajni, Tiwari, Swasti
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33995844
http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.556
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author Sharma, Rajni
Tiwari, Swasti
author_facet Sharma, Rajni
Tiwari, Swasti
author_sort Sharma, Rajni
collection PubMed
description Renal gluconeogenesis is one of the major pathways for endogenous glucose production. Impairment in this process may contribute to hyperglycemia in cases with insulin resistance and diabetes. We reviewed pertinent studies to elucidate the role of renal gluconeogenesis regulation in insulin resistance and diabetes. A consensus on the suppressive effect of insulin on kidney gluconeogenesis has started to build up. Insulin-resistant models exhibit reduced insulin receptor (IR) expression and/or post-receptor signaling in their kidney tissue. Reduced IR expression or post-receptor signaling can cause impairment in insulin’s action on kidneys, which may increase renal gluconeogenesis in the state of insulin resistance. It is now established that the kidney contributes up to 20% of all glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the post-absorptive phase. However, the rate of renal glucose release excessively increases in diabetes. The rise in renal glucose release in diabetes may contribute to fasting hyperglycemia and increased postprandial glucose levels. Enhanced glucose release by the kidneys and renal expression of the gluconeogenic-enzyme in diabetic rodents and humans further point towards the significance of renal gluconeogenesis. Overall, the available literature suggests that impairment in renal gluconeogenesis in an insulin-resistant state may contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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spelling pubmed-81079722021-05-15 Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes Sharma, Rajni Tiwari, Swasti World J Diabetes Review Renal gluconeogenesis is one of the major pathways for endogenous glucose production. Impairment in this process may contribute to hyperglycemia in cases with insulin resistance and diabetes. We reviewed pertinent studies to elucidate the role of renal gluconeogenesis regulation in insulin resistance and diabetes. A consensus on the suppressive effect of insulin on kidney gluconeogenesis has started to build up. Insulin-resistant models exhibit reduced insulin receptor (IR) expression and/or post-receptor signaling in their kidney tissue. Reduced IR expression or post-receptor signaling can cause impairment in insulin’s action on kidneys, which may increase renal gluconeogenesis in the state of insulin resistance. It is now established that the kidney contributes up to 20% of all glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the post-absorptive phase. However, the rate of renal glucose release excessively increases in diabetes. The rise in renal glucose release in diabetes may contribute to fasting hyperglycemia and increased postprandial glucose levels. Enhanced glucose release by the kidneys and renal expression of the gluconeogenic-enzyme in diabetic rodents and humans further point towards the significance of renal gluconeogenesis. Overall, the available literature suggests that impairment in renal gluconeogenesis in an insulin-resistant state may contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021-05-15 2021-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8107972/ /pubmed/33995844 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.556 Text en ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Review
Sharma, Rajni
Tiwari, Swasti
Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
title Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
title_full Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
title_fullStr Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
title_short Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
title_sort renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: a culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33995844
http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.556
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