Cargando…

The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications

Prescription pharmaceuticals are frequently used consumer products whose manufacturing location is commonly held as a trade secret by firms and US regulatory agencies. Here we use previously non-publicly available data to describe levels and trends in the manufacturing locations of the most commonly...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shivdasani, Yashna, Kaygisiz, Neriman Beste, Berndt, Ernst R, Conti, Rena M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8109232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986950
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa085
_version_ 1783690214781222912
author Shivdasani, Yashna
Kaygisiz, Neriman Beste
Berndt, Ernst R
Conti, Rena M
author_facet Shivdasani, Yashna
Kaygisiz, Neriman Beste
Berndt, Ernst R
Conti, Rena M
author_sort Shivdasani, Yashna
collection PubMed
description Prescription pharmaceuticals are frequently used consumer products whose manufacturing location is commonly held as a trade secret by firms and US regulatory agencies. Here we use previously non-publicly available data to describe levels and trends in the manufacturing locations of the most commonly used prescription pharmaceuticals, off-patent generic drugs, intended to be consumed by Americans. We find that the base ingredients required for the manufacturing of these prescription drugs are overwhelmingly and increasingly manufactured in non-domestic locations, specifically India and China. The manufacturing of finished prescription drugs for the American market is more equally split between domestic and foreign locations, but is increasingly foreign as well. The American reliance on non-domestic manufacturing of prescription drugs is important for stakeholders to appreciate, given current quality and pricing concerns and their potential susceptibility to interruptions in supply due to natural disasters, pandemics, and international trade negotiations. We discuss implications of these levels and trends for current domestic and international policy discussions.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8109232
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81092322021-05-12 The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications Shivdasani, Yashna Kaygisiz, Neriman Beste Berndt, Ernst R Conti, Rena M J Law Biosci Original Article Prescription pharmaceuticals are frequently used consumer products whose manufacturing location is commonly held as a trade secret by firms and US regulatory agencies. Here we use previously non-publicly available data to describe levels and trends in the manufacturing locations of the most commonly used prescription pharmaceuticals, off-patent generic drugs, intended to be consumed by Americans. We find that the base ingredients required for the manufacturing of these prescription drugs are overwhelmingly and increasingly manufactured in non-domestic locations, specifically India and China. The manufacturing of finished prescription drugs for the American market is more equally split between domestic and foreign locations, but is increasingly foreign as well. The American reliance on non-domestic manufacturing of prescription drugs is important for stakeholders to appreciate, given current quality and pricing concerns and their potential susceptibility to interruptions in supply due to natural disasters, pandemics, and international trade negotiations. We discuss implications of these levels and trends for current domestic and international policy discussions. Oxford University Press 2021-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8109232/ /pubmed/33986950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa085 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Duke University School of Law, Harvard Law School, Oxford University Press, and Stanford Law School. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Shivdasani, Yashna
Kaygisiz, Neriman Beste
Berndt, Ernst R
Conti, Rena M
The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications
title The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications
title_full The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications
title_fullStr The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications
title_full_unstemmed The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications
title_short The geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the USA: levels, trends, and implications
title_sort geography of prescription pharmaceuticals supplied to the usa: levels, trends, and implications
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8109232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986950
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa085
work_keys_str_mv AT shivdasaniyashna thegeographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT kaygisiznerimanbeste thegeographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT berndternstr thegeographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT contirenam thegeographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT shivdasaniyashna geographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT kaygisiznerimanbeste geographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT berndternstr geographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications
AT contirenam geographyofprescriptionpharmaceuticalssuppliedtotheusalevelstrendsandimplications