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Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data

Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) enables a non-invasive investigation of the human brain function and evaluation of the correlation of these two important modalities of brain activity. This paper explores recent reports on using advanced simulta...

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Autores principales: Sadjadi, Seyyed Mostafa, Ebrahimzadeh, Elias, Shams, Mohammad, Seraji, Masoud, Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8110922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986718
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.645594
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author Sadjadi, Seyyed Mostafa
Ebrahimzadeh, Elias
Shams, Mohammad
Seraji, Masoud
Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid
author_facet Sadjadi, Seyyed Mostafa
Ebrahimzadeh, Elias
Shams, Mohammad
Seraji, Masoud
Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid
author_sort Sadjadi, Seyyed Mostafa
collection PubMed
description Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) enables a non-invasive investigation of the human brain function and evaluation of the correlation of these two important modalities of brain activity. This paper explores recent reports on using advanced simultaneous EEG–fMRI methods proposed to map the regions and networks involved in focal epileptic seizure generation. One of the applications of EEG and fMRI combination as a valuable clinical approach is the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy to map and localize the precise brain regions associated with epileptiform activity. In the process of conventional analysis using EEG–fMRI data, the interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are visually extracted from the EEG data to be convolved as binary events with a predefined hemodynamic response function (HRF) to provide a model of epileptiform BOLD activity and use as a regressor for general linear model (GLM) analysis of the fMRI data. This review examines the methodologies involved in performing such studies, including techniques used for the recording of EEG inside the scanner, artifact removal, and statistical analysis of the fMRI signal. It then discusses the results reported for patients with primary generalized epilepsy and patients with different types of focal epileptic disorders. An important matter that these results have brought to light is that the brain regions affected by interictal epileptic discharges might not be limited to the ones where they have been generated. The developed methods can help reveal the regions involved in or affected by a seizure onset zone (SOZ). As confirmed by the reviewed literature, EEG–fMRI provides information that comes particularly useful when evaluating patients with refractory epilepsy for surgery.
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spelling pubmed-81109222021-05-12 Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data Sadjadi, Seyyed Mostafa Ebrahimzadeh, Elias Shams, Mohammad Seraji, Masoud Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid Front Neurol Neurology Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) enables a non-invasive investigation of the human brain function and evaluation of the correlation of these two important modalities of brain activity. This paper explores recent reports on using advanced simultaneous EEG–fMRI methods proposed to map the regions and networks involved in focal epileptic seizure generation. One of the applications of EEG and fMRI combination as a valuable clinical approach is the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy to map and localize the precise brain regions associated with epileptiform activity. In the process of conventional analysis using EEG–fMRI data, the interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are visually extracted from the EEG data to be convolved as binary events with a predefined hemodynamic response function (HRF) to provide a model of epileptiform BOLD activity and use as a regressor for general linear model (GLM) analysis of the fMRI data. This review examines the methodologies involved in performing such studies, including techniques used for the recording of EEG inside the scanner, artifact removal, and statistical analysis of the fMRI signal. It then discusses the results reported for patients with primary generalized epilepsy and patients with different types of focal epileptic disorders. An important matter that these results have brought to light is that the brain regions affected by interictal epileptic discharges might not be limited to the ones where they have been generated. The developed methods can help reveal the regions involved in or affected by a seizure onset zone (SOZ). As confirmed by the reviewed literature, EEG–fMRI provides information that comes particularly useful when evaluating patients with refractory epilepsy for surgery. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8110922/ /pubmed/33986718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.645594 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sadjadi, Ebrahimzadeh, Shams, Seraji and Soltanian-Zadeh. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Sadjadi, Seyyed Mostafa
Ebrahimzadeh, Elias
Shams, Mohammad
Seraji, Masoud
Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid
Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data
title Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data
title_full Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data
title_fullStr Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data
title_full_unstemmed Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data
title_short Localization of Epileptic Foci Based on Simultaneous EEG–fMRI Data
title_sort localization of epileptic foci based on simultaneous eeg–fmri data
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8110922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986718
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.645594
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