Impact of travel by walk and road on testicular hormones, oxidants, traces minerals, and acute phase response biomarkers of dromedary camels

This study aimed to compare the effect of truck transport and walk travel on testicular hormones, oxidants, antioxidants and acute-phase responses of camels’ walked from Sudan to the Egyptian quarantine and were transported from the quarantine to the slaughterhouses by trucks. Blood samples were collected from walked camels (N ≤ 30) just arrived at the quarantine (Walk), unloaded (N ≤ 12) from the truck (Truck), and control camels (N ≤ 20). Animals were statistically categorized into Walk travel, Truck transport, and Control, then Total travel (Walk + truck transport) was compared to control. Haptoglobin, fibrinogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid, glucose, cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, iron, copper, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins, albumin, and creatinine were measured. Results showed that the travel by walk and truck increased haptoglobin (P ≤ 0.0001), fibrinogen (P < 0.05), ALT (P < 0.05), and creatinine (P ≤ 0.0001) but decreased NO (P ≤ 0.0001), albumin (P < 0.05), Ascorbic acid (P < 0.05), testosterone (P ≤ 0.0001), ALP (P < 0.0001), and glucose (P ≤ 0.0001). The declined NO (P ≤ 0.0001), Ascorbic acid (P ≤ 0.0001), iron (P ≤ 0.005), copper (P ≤ 0.023), cholesterol (P > 0.05), total proteins (P ≤ 0.0001), albumin (P ≤ 0.018), globulins (P ≤ 0.001), with increased haptoglobin (P ≤ 0.0001), AST (P ≤ 0.0001), ALP (P ≤ 0.0001), and testosterone (P ≤ 0.0001) was evident in camels transported by truck compared to walk transport. In conclusion, transport enhanced the acute phase proteins, retarded kidney function, antioxidant status, and energy but truck produced a significant acute-phase response and adversely affected the oxidant-antioxidant balance, destructed proteins kidney, and liver functions than the long travel by walk.