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Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic
Background: The United States continues to account for the highest proportion of the global Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Currently, it is important to contextualize COVID-19 fatality to guide mitigation efforts. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the ecolo...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Columbia Data Analytics, LLC
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8112906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34017883 http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2021.22978 |
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author | Kathe, Niranjan J. Wani, Rajvi J. |
author_facet | Kathe, Niranjan J. Wani, Rajvi J. |
author_sort | Kathe, Niranjan J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The United States continues to account for the highest proportion of the global Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Currently, it is important to contextualize COVID-19 fatality to guide mitigation efforts. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the ecological factors (policy, health behaviors, socio-economic, physical environment, and clinical care) associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) in the United States. Methods: Data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 repository and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Data (01/21/2020 - 02/27/2021) were used. County-level CFR was modeled using the Spatial Durbin model (SDM). The SDM estimates were decomposed into direct and indirect impacts. Results: The study found percent positive for COVID-19 (0.057% point), stringency index (0.014% point), percent diabetic (0.011% point), long-term care beds (log) (0.010% point), premature age-adjusted mortality (log) (0.702 % point), income inequality ratio (0.078% point), social association rate (log) (0.014% point), percent 65 years old and over (0.055% point), and percent African Americans (0.016% point) in a given county were positively associated with its COVID-19 CFR. The study also found food insecurity, long-term beds (log), mental health-care provider (log), workforce in construction, social association rate (log), and percent diabetic of a given county as well as neighboring county were associated with given county’s COVID-19 CFR, indicating significant externalities. Conclusion: The spatial models identified percent positive for COVID-19, stringency index, elderly, college education, race/ethnicity, residential segregation, premature mortality, income inequality, workforce composition, and rurality as important ecological determinants of the geographic disparities in COVID-19 CFR. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8112906 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Columbia Data Analytics, LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81129062021-05-19 Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic Kathe, Niranjan J. Wani, Rajvi J. J Health Econ Outcomes Res Infectious Diseases Background: The United States continues to account for the highest proportion of the global Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Currently, it is important to contextualize COVID-19 fatality to guide mitigation efforts. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the ecological factors (policy, health behaviors, socio-economic, physical environment, and clinical care) associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) in the United States. Methods: Data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 repository and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Data (01/21/2020 - 02/27/2021) were used. County-level CFR was modeled using the Spatial Durbin model (SDM). The SDM estimates were decomposed into direct and indirect impacts. Results: The study found percent positive for COVID-19 (0.057% point), stringency index (0.014% point), percent diabetic (0.011% point), long-term care beds (log) (0.010% point), premature age-adjusted mortality (log) (0.702 % point), income inequality ratio (0.078% point), social association rate (log) (0.014% point), percent 65 years old and over (0.055% point), and percent African Americans (0.016% point) in a given county were positively associated with its COVID-19 CFR. The study also found food insecurity, long-term beds (log), mental health-care provider (log), workforce in construction, social association rate (log), and percent diabetic of a given county as well as neighboring county were associated with given county’s COVID-19 CFR, indicating significant externalities. Conclusion: The spatial models identified percent positive for COVID-19, stringency index, elderly, college education, race/ethnicity, residential segregation, premature mortality, income inequality, workforce composition, and rurality as important ecological determinants of the geographic disparities in COVID-19 CFR. Columbia Data Analytics, LLC 2021-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8112906/ /pubmed/34017883 http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2021.22978 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Infectious Diseases Kathe, Niranjan J. Wani, Rajvi J. Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
title | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
title_full | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
title_fullStr | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
title_short | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
title_sort | determinants of covid-19 case fatality rate in the united states: spatial analysis over one year of the pandemic |
topic | Infectious Diseases |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8112906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34017883 http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2021.22978 |
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