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The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security
To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robus...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8112922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34054941 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8842420 |
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author | Mülazimoğlu, Emre Çakır, Murat P. Acartürk, Cengiz |
author_facet | Mülazimoğlu, Emre Çakır, Murat P. Acartürk, Cengiz |
author_sort | Mülazimoğlu, Emre |
collection | PubMed |
description | To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robustness and usability during the design of a challenge. The previous research reveals that most usability studies have used accuracy and response time as measurement criteria for quantitative analysis. The present study aims at applying optical neuroimaging techniques for the analysis of CAPTCHA design. The functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy technique was used to explore the hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex elicited by CAPTCHA stimulus of varying types. The findings suggest that regions in the left and right dorsolateral and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex respond to the degrees of line occlusion, rotation, and wave distortions present in a CAPTCHA. The systematic addition of the visual effects introduced nonlinear effects on the behavioral and prefrontal oxygenation measures, indicative of the emergence of Gestalt effects that might have influenced the perception of the overall CAPTCHA figure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8112922 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81129222021-05-27 The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security Mülazimoğlu, Emre Çakır, Murat P. Acartürk, Cengiz Comput Intell Neurosci Research Article To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robustness and usability during the design of a challenge. The previous research reveals that most usability studies have used accuracy and response time as measurement criteria for quantitative analysis. The present study aims at applying optical neuroimaging techniques for the analysis of CAPTCHA design. The functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy technique was used to explore the hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex elicited by CAPTCHA stimulus of varying types. The findings suggest that regions in the left and right dorsolateral and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex respond to the degrees of line occlusion, rotation, and wave distortions present in a CAPTCHA. The systematic addition of the visual effects introduced nonlinear effects on the behavioral and prefrontal oxygenation measures, indicative of the emergence of Gestalt effects that might have influenced the perception of the overall CAPTCHA figure. Hindawi 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8112922/ /pubmed/34054941 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8842420 Text en Copyright © 2021 Emre Mülazimoğlu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mülazimoğlu, Emre Çakır, Murat P. Acartürk, Cengiz The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security |
title | The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security |
title_full | The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security |
title_fullStr | The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security |
title_short | The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security |
title_sort | role of visual features in text-based captchas: an fnirs study for usable security |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8112922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34054941 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8842420 |
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