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Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a life-saving procedure used for the treatment of selected hematological malignancies, inborn errors of metabolism, and bone marrow failures. The role of neutrophils in alloHSCT has been traditionally evaluated only in the context of t...

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Autores principales: Tecchio, Cristina, Cassatella, Marco Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8115169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33203938
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00581-9
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author Tecchio, Cristina
Cassatella, Marco Antonio
author_facet Tecchio, Cristina
Cassatella, Marco Antonio
author_sort Tecchio, Cristina
collection PubMed
description Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a life-saving procedure used for the treatment of selected hematological malignancies, inborn errors of metabolism, and bone marrow failures. The role of neutrophils in alloHSCT has been traditionally evaluated only in the context of their ability to act as a first line of defense against infection. However, recent evidence has highlighted neutrophils as key effectors of innate and adaptive immune responses through a wide array of newly discovered functions. Accordingly, neutrophils are emerging as highly versatile cells that are able to acquire different, often opposite, functional capacities depending on the microenvironment and their differentiation status. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the multiple functions that neutrophils exhibit through the different stages of alloHSCT, from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization in the donor to the immunological reconstitution that occurs in the recipient following HSC infusion. We also discuss the influence exerted on neutrophils by the immunosuppressive drugs delivered in the course of alloHSCT as part of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Finally, the potential involvement of neutrophils in alloHSCT-related complications, such as transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), acute and chronic GVHD, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, is also discussed. Based on the data reviewed herein, the role played by neutrophils in alloHSCT is far greater than a simple antimicrobial role. However, much remains to be investigated in terms of the potential functions that neutrophils might exert during a highly complex procedure such as alloHSCT.
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spelling pubmed-81151692021-05-12 Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Tecchio, Cristina Cassatella, Marco Antonio Cell Mol Immunol Review Article Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a life-saving procedure used for the treatment of selected hematological malignancies, inborn errors of metabolism, and bone marrow failures. The role of neutrophils in alloHSCT has been traditionally evaluated only in the context of their ability to act as a first line of defense against infection. However, recent evidence has highlighted neutrophils as key effectors of innate and adaptive immune responses through a wide array of newly discovered functions. Accordingly, neutrophils are emerging as highly versatile cells that are able to acquire different, often opposite, functional capacities depending on the microenvironment and their differentiation status. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the multiple functions that neutrophils exhibit through the different stages of alloHSCT, from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization in the donor to the immunological reconstitution that occurs in the recipient following HSC infusion. We also discuss the influence exerted on neutrophils by the immunosuppressive drugs delivered in the course of alloHSCT as part of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Finally, the potential involvement of neutrophils in alloHSCT-related complications, such as transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), acute and chronic GVHD, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, is also discussed. Based on the data reviewed herein, the role played by neutrophils in alloHSCT is far greater than a simple antimicrobial role. However, much remains to be investigated in terms of the potential functions that neutrophils might exert during a highly complex procedure such as alloHSCT. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-11-17 2021-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8115169/ /pubmed/33203938 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00581-9 Text en © CSI and USTC 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Tecchio, Cristina
Cassatella, Marco Antonio
Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
title Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
title_full Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
title_fullStr Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
title_full_unstemmed Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
title_short Uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
title_sort uncovering the multifaceted roles played by neutrophils in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8115169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33203938
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00581-9
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