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Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi

Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communi...

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Autores principales: Maurice, Sundy, Arnault, Gontran, Nordén, Jenni, Botnen, Synnøve Smebye, Miettinen, Otto, Kauserud, Håvard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8115690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33432137
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00862-1
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author Maurice, Sundy
Arnault, Gontran
Nordén, Jenni
Botnen, Synnøve Smebye
Miettinen, Otto
Kauserud, Håvard
author_facet Maurice, Sundy
Arnault, Gontran
Nordén, Jenni
Botnen, Synnøve Smebye
Miettinen, Otto
Kauserud, Håvard
author_sort Maurice, Sundy
collection PubMed
description Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e., fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8–39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases.
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spelling pubmed-81156902021-05-14 Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi Maurice, Sundy Arnault, Gontran Nordén, Jenni Botnen, Synnøve Smebye Miettinen, Otto Kauserud, Håvard ISME J Article Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e., fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8–39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-01-11 2021-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8115690/ /pubmed/33432137 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00862-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Maurice, Sundy
Arnault, Gontran
Nordén, Jenni
Botnen, Synnøve Smebye
Miettinen, Otto
Kauserud, Håvard
Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
title Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
title_full Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
title_fullStr Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
title_full_unstemmed Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
title_short Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
title_sort fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8115690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33432137
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00862-1
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