The effect of overbite and overjet on clinical parameters of periodontal disease: A case control study

AIM: To investigate the association of overjet and overbite with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from March 2017 to March 2018. 600 Saudi males aged 20–30 years old were included. Participants were divided into three groups (n: 200) depending on the presence of overjet (OJ) or overbite (OB) and its relationship with periodontal disease. Periodontal parameters were assessed clinically and radiographically. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for any significant differences between groups. Tukey’s post hoc comparison test was used to evaluate correlations among parameters. RESULTS: OJ exceeding 8 mm was correlated with debris, calculus, and periodontal scores on mandibular anterior teeth, especially on the lingual surfaces. Both OJ and OB groups showed significantly increased PD, compared to that of the control group in measurement at the lingual (P = 0.004, 0.003) and proximal (P = 0.002, 0.002) surfaces of the lower anterior teeth. Finally, the CEJ-AB was statistically significantly higher in the OB group compared to the OJ and control groups (P = 0.091, 0.008). CONCLUSION: The present study found a correlation between OJ and OB and periodontal disease, as measured using specific parameters. This indicates that periodontal treatment may be insufficient unless the overjet or overbite is corrected.