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Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type
OBJECTIVES: Prior research has reported an increased risk of fatality for patients with cancer, but most studies investigated the risk by comparing cancer to non-cancer patients among COVID-19 infections, where cancer might have contributed to the increased risk. This study is to understand COVID-19...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8117441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33980502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100341 |
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author | Li, Haiquan Baldwin, Edwin Zhang, Xiang Kenost, Colleen Luo, Wenting Calhoun, Elizabeth A An, Lingling Bennett, Charles L Lussier, Yves A |
author_facet | Li, Haiquan Baldwin, Edwin Zhang, Xiang Kenost, Colleen Luo, Wenting Calhoun, Elizabeth A An, Lingling Bennett, Charles L Lussier, Yves A |
author_sort | Li, Haiquan |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Prior research has reported an increased risk of fatality for patients with cancer, but most studies investigated the risk by comparing cancer to non-cancer patients among COVID-19 infections, where cancer might have contributed to the increased risk. This study is to understand COVID-19’s imposed HR of fatality while controlling for covariates, such as age, sex, metastasis status and cancer type. METHODS: We conducted survival analyses of 4606 cancer patients with COVID-19 test results from 16 March to 11 October 2020 in UK Biobank and estimated the overall HR of fatality with and without COVID-19 infection. We also examined the HRs of 13 specific cancer types with at least 100 patients using a stratified analysis. RESULTS: COVID-19 resulted in an overall HR of 7.76 (95% CI 5.78 to 10.40, p<10(−10)) by following 4606 patients with cancer for 21 days after the tests. The HR varied among cancer type, with over a 10-fold increase in fatality rate (false discovery rate ≤0.02) for melanoma, haematological malignancies, uterine cancer and kidney cancer. Although COVID-19 imposed a higher risk for localised versus distant metastasis cancers, those of distant metastases yielded higher overall fatality rates due to their multiplicative effects. DISCUSSION: The results confirmed prior reports for the increased risk of fatality for patients with COVID-19 plus hematological malignancies and demonstrated similar findings of COVID-19 on melanoma, uterine, and kidney cancers. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the heightened risk that COVID-19 imposes on localised and haematological cancer patients and the necessity to vaccinate uninfected patients with cancer promptly, particularly for the cancer types most influenced by COVID-19. Results also suggest the importance of timely care for patients with localised cancer, whether they are infected by COVID-19 or not. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8117441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81174412021-05-13 Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type Li, Haiquan Baldwin, Edwin Zhang, Xiang Kenost, Colleen Luo, Wenting Calhoun, Elizabeth A An, Lingling Bennett, Charles L Lussier, Yves A BMJ Health Care Inform Short Report OBJECTIVES: Prior research has reported an increased risk of fatality for patients with cancer, but most studies investigated the risk by comparing cancer to non-cancer patients among COVID-19 infections, where cancer might have contributed to the increased risk. This study is to understand COVID-19’s imposed HR of fatality while controlling for covariates, such as age, sex, metastasis status and cancer type. METHODS: We conducted survival analyses of 4606 cancer patients with COVID-19 test results from 16 March to 11 October 2020 in UK Biobank and estimated the overall HR of fatality with and without COVID-19 infection. We also examined the HRs of 13 specific cancer types with at least 100 patients using a stratified analysis. RESULTS: COVID-19 resulted in an overall HR of 7.76 (95% CI 5.78 to 10.40, p<10(−10)) by following 4606 patients with cancer for 21 days after the tests. The HR varied among cancer type, with over a 10-fold increase in fatality rate (false discovery rate ≤0.02) for melanoma, haematological malignancies, uterine cancer and kidney cancer. Although COVID-19 imposed a higher risk for localised versus distant metastasis cancers, those of distant metastases yielded higher overall fatality rates due to their multiplicative effects. DISCUSSION: The results confirmed prior reports for the increased risk of fatality for patients with COVID-19 plus hematological malignancies and demonstrated similar findings of COVID-19 on melanoma, uterine, and kidney cancers. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the heightened risk that COVID-19 imposes on localised and haematological cancer patients and the necessity to vaccinate uninfected patients with cancer promptly, particularly for the cancer types most influenced by COVID-19. Results also suggest the importance of timely care for patients with localised cancer, whether they are infected by COVID-19 or not. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8117441/ /pubmed/33980502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100341 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Short Report Li, Haiquan Baldwin, Edwin Zhang, Xiang Kenost, Colleen Luo, Wenting Calhoun, Elizabeth A An, Lingling Bennett, Charles L Lussier, Yves A Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
title | Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
title_full | Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
title_fullStr | Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
title_short | Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
title_sort | comparison and impact of covid-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type |
topic | Short Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8117441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33980502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100341 |
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