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Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds

Environmental mastitis represents a major challenge on dairy farms where contagious pathogens are controlled by improved milking procedures. Therefore, research focused on the environment is important to improve udder health programs. The objectives of this prospective and descriptive study were to...

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Autores principales: Alanis, Valeria M., Zurakowski, Michael, Pawloski, Deb, Tomazi, Tiago, Nydam, Daryl V., Ospina, Paula A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8119788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33996966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.636833
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author Alanis, Valeria M.
Zurakowski, Michael
Pawloski, Deb
Tomazi, Tiago
Nydam, Daryl V.
Ospina, Paula A.
author_facet Alanis, Valeria M.
Zurakowski, Michael
Pawloski, Deb
Tomazi, Tiago
Nydam, Daryl V.
Ospina, Paula A.
author_sort Alanis, Valeria M.
collection PubMed
description Environmental mastitis represents a major challenge on dairy farms where contagious pathogens are controlled by improved milking procedures. Therefore, research focused on the environment is important to improve udder health programs. The objectives of this prospective and descriptive study were to (1) describe bedding bacterial counts, pH, and dry matter (DM) of five different bedding types (organic: manure solids, straw, paper fiber; inorganic: sand, recycled sand) and (2) explore the association between bedding bacterial counts with bulk tank milk quality. This study took place within five conveniently selected commercial dairy herds, each with a predominant bedding material in lactating pens. Bedding samples (used n = 237; fresh n = 53) were collected monthly from July 2018 to July 2019 following a standard operating procedure (SOP) to minimize sampling variability. Additionally, a bulk tank (BT) milk sample (n = 40) was collected on the same day unless milk had been picked up prior to arrival. Both BT and bedding samples were submitted to the laboratory for culture and bacterial identification and quantification of Streptococcus spp, coliforms, and non-coliforms as well as detection of several pathogens of mastitis importance. Somatic cell count was evaluated in BT samples. Within bedding type, the correlation between bedding characteristics and bacterial counts in bedding was evaluated using Pearson correlation. Within bedding type, the correlation between bacterial counts in bedding samples and bacterial counts in BT were determined. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the bacterial count by bedding type and to evaluate BT somatic cell count differences based on bedding type. In fresh bedding, bacterial counts were generally higher for manure solids for all bacterial groups compared with other materials. In used samples, organic materials had the highest levels of all bacterial groups. The proportion of samples with detectable organisms of mastitis importance varied within and among herds in both bedding and BT samples throughout the study period. In bedding samples, a higher DM content had the lowest levels of bacterial growth compared with those with lower DM content. Most bedding samples were on the alkaline side within a pH range of 8–11. No relationship between bacterial counts and pH was observed. No associations between BT bacteria counts and bedding bacterial counts were observed. No association between bulk tank somatic cell counts based on bedding type were observed. Despite using an SOP for bedding sampling in an effort to consistently collect samples, we still observed a large amount of variability both within and among bedding samples. This variability may have obscured any potential association between BT milk quality and bedding type.
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spelling pubmed-81197882021-05-15 Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds Alanis, Valeria M. Zurakowski, Michael Pawloski, Deb Tomazi, Tiago Nydam, Daryl V. Ospina, Paula A. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Environmental mastitis represents a major challenge on dairy farms where contagious pathogens are controlled by improved milking procedures. Therefore, research focused on the environment is important to improve udder health programs. The objectives of this prospective and descriptive study were to (1) describe bedding bacterial counts, pH, and dry matter (DM) of five different bedding types (organic: manure solids, straw, paper fiber; inorganic: sand, recycled sand) and (2) explore the association between bedding bacterial counts with bulk tank milk quality. This study took place within five conveniently selected commercial dairy herds, each with a predominant bedding material in lactating pens. Bedding samples (used n = 237; fresh n = 53) were collected monthly from July 2018 to July 2019 following a standard operating procedure (SOP) to minimize sampling variability. Additionally, a bulk tank (BT) milk sample (n = 40) was collected on the same day unless milk had been picked up prior to arrival. Both BT and bedding samples were submitted to the laboratory for culture and bacterial identification and quantification of Streptococcus spp, coliforms, and non-coliforms as well as detection of several pathogens of mastitis importance. Somatic cell count was evaluated in BT samples. Within bedding type, the correlation between bedding characteristics and bacterial counts in bedding was evaluated using Pearson correlation. Within bedding type, the correlation between bacterial counts in bedding samples and bacterial counts in BT were determined. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the bacterial count by bedding type and to evaluate BT somatic cell count differences based on bedding type. In fresh bedding, bacterial counts were generally higher for manure solids for all bacterial groups compared with other materials. In used samples, organic materials had the highest levels of all bacterial groups. The proportion of samples with detectable organisms of mastitis importance varied within and among herds in both bedding and BT samples throughout the study period. In bedding samples, a higher DM content had the lowest levels of bacterial growth compared with those with lower DM content. Most bedding samples were on the alkaline side within a pH range of 8–11. No relationship between bacterial counts and pH was observed. No associations between BT bacteria counts and bedding bacterial counts were observed. No association between bulk tank somatic cell counts based on bedding type were observed. Despite using an SOP for bedding sampling in an effort to consistently collect samples, we still observed a large amount of variability both within and among bedding samples. This variability may have obscured any potential association between BT milk quality and bedding type. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8119788/ /pubmed/33996966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.636833 Text en Copyright © 2021 Alanis, Zurakowski, Pawloski, Tomazi, Nydam and Ospina. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Alanis, Valeria M.
Zurakowski, Michael
Pawloski, Deb
Tomazi, Tiago
Nydam, Daryl V.
Ospina, Paula A.
Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds
title Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds
title_full Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds
title_fullStr Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds
title_full_unstemmed Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds
title_short Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds
title_sort description of the characteristics of five bedding materials and association with bulk tank milk quality on five new york dairy herds
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8119788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33996966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.636833
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