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What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic...

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Autores principales: Salakka, Ilja, Pitkäniemi, Anni, Pentikäinen, Emmi, Mikkonen, Kari, Saari, Pasi, Toiviainen, Petri, Särkämö, Teppo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121320/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33989366
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251692
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author Salakka, Ilja
Pitkäniemi, Anni
Pentikäinen, Emmi
Mikkonen, Kari
Saari, Pasi
Toiviainen, Petri
Särkämö, Teppo
author_facet Salakka, Ilja
Pitkäniemi, Anni
Pentikäinen, Emmi
Mikkonen, Kari
Saari, Pasi
Toiviainen, Petri
Särkämö, Teppo
author_sort Salakka, Ilja
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic, and loudness features. Here, our aim was to explore the relationship between music-evoked emotions and music-evoked memories and how musical features (derived with MIR) can predict them both. METHODS: Healthy older adults (N = 113, age ≥ 60 years) participated in a listening task in which they rated a total of 140 song excerpts comprising folk songs and popular songs from 1950s to 1980s on five domains measuring the emotional (valence, arousal, emotional intensity) and memory (familiarity, autobiographical salience) experience of the songs. A set of 24 musical features were extracted from the songs using computational MIR methods. Principal component analyses were applied to reduce multicollinearity, resulting in six core musical components, which were then used to predict the behavioural ratings in multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: All correlations between behavioural ratings were positive and ranged from moderate to very high (r = 0.46–0.92). Emotional intensity showed the highest correlation to both autobiographical salience and familiarity. In the MIR data, three musical components measuring salience of the musical pulse (Pulse strength), relative strength of high harmonics (Brightness), and fluctuation in the frequencies between 200–800 Hz (Low-mid) predicted both music-evoked emotions and memories. Emotional intensity (and valence to a lesser extent) mediated the predictive effect of the musical components on music-evoked memories. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that music-evoked emotions are strongly related to music-evoked memories in healthy older adults and that both music-evoked emotions and memories are predicted by the same core musical features.
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spelling pubmed-81213202021-05-24 What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults Salakka, Ilja Pitkäniemi, Anni Pentikäinen, Emmi Mikkonen, Kari Saari, Pasi Toiviainen, Petri Särkämö, Teppo PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic, and loudness features. Here, our aim was to explore the relationship between music-evoked emotions and music-evoked memories and how musical features (derived with MIR) can predict them both. METHODS: Healthy older adults (N = 113, age ≥ 60 years) participated in a listening task in which they rated a total of 140 song excerpts comprising folk songs and popular songs from 1950s to 1980s on five domains measuring the emotional (valence, arousal, emotional intensity) and memory (familiarity, autobiographical salience) experience of the songs. A set of 24 musical features were extracted from the songs using computational MIR methods. Principal component analyses were applied to reduce multicollinearity, resulting in six core musical components, which were then used to predict the behavioural ratings in multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: All correlations between behavioural ratings were positive and ranged from moderate to very high (r = 0.46–0.92). Emotional intensity showed the highest correlation to both autobiographical salience and familiarity. In the MIR data, three musical components measuring salience of the musical pulse (Pulse strength), relative strength of high harmonics (Brightness), and fluctuation in the frequencies between 200–800 Hz (Low-mid) predicted both music-evoked emotions and memories. Emotional intensity (and valence to a lesser extent) mediated the predictive effect of the musical components on music-evoked memories. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that music-evoked emotions are strongly related to music-evoked memories in healthy older adults and that both music-evoked emotions and memories are predicted by the same core musical features. Public Library of Science 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8121320/ /pubmed/33989366 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251692 Text en © 2021 Salakka et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Salakka, Ilja
Pitkäniemi, Anni
Pentikäinen, Emmi
Mikkonen, Kari
Saari, Pasi
Toiviainen, Petri
Särkämö, Teppo
What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
title What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
title_full What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
title_fullStr What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
title_full_unstemmed What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
title_short What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
title_sort what makes music memorable? relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121320/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33989366
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251692
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