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Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are plant natural products important for agriculture and human health. They are polymers of flavan-3-ol subunits, commonly (−)-epicatechin and/or (+)-catechin, but the source of the in planta extension unit that comprises the bulk of the polymer remains unclear, as does how P...

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Autores principales: Jun, Ji Hyung, Lu, Nan, Docampo-Palacios, Maite, Wang, Xiaoqiang, Dixon, Richard A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for the Advancement of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121424/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33990337
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg4682
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author Jun, Ji Hyung
Lu, Nan
Docampo-Palacios, Maite
Wang, Xiaoqiang
Dixon, Richard A.
author_facet Jun, Ji Hyung
Lu, Nan
Docampo-Palacios, Maite
Wang, Xiaoqiang
Dixon, Richard A.
author_sort Jun, Ji Hyung
collection PubMed
description Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are plant natural products important for agriculture and human health. They are polymers of flavan-3-ol subunits, commonly (−)-epicatechin and/or (+)-catechin, but the source of the in planta extension unit that comprises the bulk of the polymer remains unclear, as does how PA composition is determined in different plant species. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) can generate 2,3-cis-epicatechin as a PA starter unit from cyanidin, which itself arises from 2,3-trans-leucocyanidin, but ANR proteins from different species produce mixtures of flavan-3-ols with different stereochemistries in vitro. Genetic and biochemical analyses here show that ANR has dual activity and is involved not only in the production of (−)-epicatechin starter units but also in the formation of 2,3-cis-leucocyanidin to serve as (−)-epicatechin extension units. Differences in the product specificities of ANRs account for the presence/absence of PA polymerization and the compositions of PAs across plant species.
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spelling pubmed-81214242021-05-19 Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway Jun, Ji Hyung Lu, Nan Docampo-Palacios, Maite Wang, Xiaoqiang Dixon, Richard A. Sci Adv Research Articles Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are plant natural products important for agriculture and human health. They are polymers of flavan-3-ol subunits, commonly (−)-epicatechin and/or (+)-catechin, but the source of the in planta extension unit that comprises the bulk of the polymer remains unclear, as does how PA composition is determined in different plant species. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) can generate 2,3-cis-epicatechin as a PA starter unit from cyanidin, which itself arises from 2,3-trans-leucocyanidin, but ANR proteins from different species produce mixtures of flavan-3-ols with different stereochemistries in vitro. Genetic and biochemical analyses here show that ANR has dual activity and is involved not only in the production of (−)-epicatechin starter units but also in the formation of 2,3-cis-leucocyanidin to serve as (−)-epicatechin extension units. Differences in the product specificities of ANRs account for the presence/absence of PA polymerization and the compositions of PAs across plant species. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8121424/ /pubmed/33990337 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg4682 Text en Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Jun, Ji Hyung
Lu, Nan
Docampo-Palacios, Maite
Wang, Xiaoqiang
Dixon, Richard A.
Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
title Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
title_full Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
title_fullStr Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
title_full_unstemmed Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
title_short Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
title_sort dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121424/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33990337
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg4682
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