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A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes

A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfer processes in the porous wick of electronic cigarettes was established to describe the atomization of e-liquids according to max liquid temperature, vaporization rate and thermal efficiency in a single puff. Dominant capillary-evaporation effects w...

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Autores principales: Gao, Yihan, Li, Dian, Ru, Jiexiong, Yang, Muyun, Lu, Lehua, Lu, Li, Wu, Jinlu, Huang, Zhonghui, Xie, Yan, Gao, Naiping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33990647
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89685-4
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author Gao, Yihan
Li, Dian
Ru, Jiexiong
Yang, Muyun
Lu, Lehua
Lu, Li
Wu, Jinlu
Huang, Zhonghui
Xie, Yan
Gao, Naiping
author_facet Gao, Yihan
Li, Dian
Ru, Jiexiong
Yang, Muyun
Lu, Lehua
Lu, Li
Wu, Jinlu
Huang, Zhonghui
Xie, Yan
Gao, Naiping
author_sort Gao, Yihan
collection PubMed
description A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfer processes in the porous wick of electronic cigarettes was established to describe the atomization of e-liquids according to max liquid temperature, vaporization rate and thermal efficiency in a single puff. Dominant capillary-evaporation effects were defined in the model to account for the effects of electrical power, e-liquid composition and porosity of the wick material on atomization and energy transmission processes. Liquid temperature, vaporization rate, and thermal efficiency were predicted using the mathematical model in 64 groups, varying with electrical power, e-liquid composition and wick porosity. Experimental studies were carried out using a scaled-model test bench to validate the model’s prediction. A higher PG/VG ratio in the e-liquid promoted energy transfer for vaporization, and the e-liquid temperature was comparatively reduced at a relatively high power, which was helpful to avoid atomizer overheating. Compared with the other factors, wick porosity affected the thermal efficiency more significantly. The vaporization rate increased with a higher wick porosity in a certain range. The modelling results suggested that a greater wick porosity and a higher PG ratio in e-liquids helped to improve the overall thermal efficiency.
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spelling pubmed-81218432021-05-17 A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes Gao, Yihan Li, Dian Ru, Jiexiong Yang, Muyun Lu, Lehua Lu, Li Wu, Jinlu Huang, Zhonghui Xie, Yan Gao, Naiping Sci Rep Article A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfer processes in the porous wick of electronic cigarettes was established to describe the atomization of e-liquids according to max liquid temperature, vaporization rate and thermal efficiency in a single puff. Dominant capillary-evaporation effects were defined in the model to account for the effects of electrical power, e-liquid composition and porosity of the wick material on atomization and energy transmission processes. Liquid temperature, vaporization rate, and thermal efficiency were predicted using the mathematical model in 64 groups, varying with electrical power, e-liquid composition and wick porosity. Experimental studies were carried out using a scaled-model test bench to validate the model’s prediction. A higher PG/VG ratio in the e-liquid promoted energy transfer for vaporization, and the e-liquid temperature was comparatively reduced at a relatively high power, which was helpful to avoid atomizer overheating. Compared with the other factors, wick porosity affected the thermal efficiency more significantly. The vaporization rate increased with a higher wick porosity in a certain range. The modelling results suggested that a greater wick porosity and a higher PG ratio in e-liquids helped to improve the overall thermal efficiency. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8121843/ /pubmed/33990647 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89685-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Gao, Yihan
Li, Dian
Ru, Jiexiong
Yang, Muyun
Lu, Lehua
Lu, Li
Wu, Jinlu
Huang, Zhonghui
Xie, Yan
Gao, Naiping
A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
title A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
title_full A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
title_fullStr A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
title_full_unstemmed A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
title_short A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
title_sort numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33990647
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89685-4
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