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RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Nowadays, we are assisting a re-discovered interest in the field of cancer heterogeneity and in defining the clonal dynamics governing tumor growth, progression, and therapy resistance. Sequencing data suggest different models of cancers development and a relationship with patients’...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919355 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092003 |
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author | Gambera, Stefano Patiño-Garcia, Ana Alfranca, Arantzazu Garcia-Castro, Javier |
author_facet | Gambera, Stefano Patiño-Garcia, Ana Alfranca, Arantzazu Garcia-Castro, Javier |
author_sort | Gambera, Stefano |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Nowadays, we are assisting a re-discovered interest in the field of cancer heterogeneity and in defining the clonal dynamics governing tumor growth, progression, and therapy resistance. Sequencing data suggest different models of cancers development and a relationship with patients’ prognosis and therapeutic response. Only a few studies have attempted to reconstruct osteosarcoma evolution, providing evidence of linear and branched pattern of clonal development. In this study, we employed a single-cell marking strategy to study the clonal dynamics of human, canine, and murine osteosarcoma models. With our collection of primary samples and cell lines, we demonstrate that different clones can evolve in parallel and generate sub-clones with similar tumorigenic potential, in a sort of extremely branched development of neutrally coexisting clones. ABSTRACT: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by malignant cells producing pathologic bone; the disease presents a natural tendency to metastasize. Genetic studies indicate that the OS genome is extremely complex, presenting signs of macro-evolution, and linear and branched patterns of clonal development. However, those studies were based on the phylogenetic reconstruction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, which present important limitations. Thus, testing clonal evolution in experimental models could be useful for validating this hypothesis. In the present study, lentiviral LeGO-vectors were employed to generate colorimetric red, green, blue (RGB)-marking in murine, canine, and human OS. With this strategy, we studied tumor heterogeneity and the clonal dynamics occurring in vivo in immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid-Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. Based on colorimetric label, tumor clonal composition was analyzed by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and different types of supervised and unsupervised clonal analyses. With this approach, we observed a consistent reduction in the clonal composition of RGB-marked tumors and identified evident clonal selection at the first passage in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that OS could follow a neutral model of growth, where the disease is defined by the coexistence of different tumor sub-clones. Our study demonstrates the importance of rigorous testing of the selective forces in commonly used experimental models. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8122697 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81226972021-05-16 RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models Gambera, Stefano Patiño-Garcia, Ana Alfranca, Arantzazu Garcia-Castro, Javier Cancers (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Nowadays, we are assisting a re-discovered interest in the field of cancer heterogeneity and in defining the clonal dynamics governing tumor growth, progression, and therapy resistance. Sequencing data suggest different models of cancers development and a relationship with patients’ prognosis and therapeutic response. Only a few studies have attempted to reconstruct osteosarcoma evolution, providing evidence of linear and branched pattern of clonal development. In this study, we employed a single-cell marking strategy to study the clonal dynamics of human, canine, and murine osteosarcoma models. With our collection of primary samples and cell lines, we demonstrate that different clones can evolve in parallel and generate sub-clones with similar tumorigenic potential, in a sort of extremely branched development of neutrally coexisting clones. ABSTRACT: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by malignant cells producing pathologic bone; the disease presents a natural tendency to metastasize. Genetic studies indicate that the OS genome is extremely complex, presenting signs of macro-evolution, and linear and branched patterns of clonal development. However, those studies were based on the phylogenetic reconstruction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, which present important limitations. Thus, testing clonal evolution in experimental models could be useful for validating this hypothesis. In the present study, lentiviral LeGO-vectors were employed to generate colorimetric red, green, blue (RGB)-marking in murine, canine, and human OS. With this strategy, we studied tumor heterogeneity and the clonal dynamics occurring in vivo in immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid-Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. Based on colorimetric label, tumor clonal composition was analyzed by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and different types of supervised and unsupervised clonal analyses. With this approach, we observed a consistent reduction in the clonal composition of RGB-marked tumors and identified evident clonal selection at the first passage in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that OS could follow a neutral model of growth, where the disease is defined by the coexistence of different tumor sub-clones. Our study demonstrates the importance of rigorous testing of the selective forces in commonly used experimental models. MDPI 2021-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8122697/ /pubmed/33919355 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092003 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gambera, Stefano Patiño-Garcia, Ana Alfranca, Arantzazu Garcia-Castro, Javier RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models |
title | RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models |
title_full | RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models |
title_fullStr | RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models |
title_full_unstemmed | RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models |
title_short | RGB-Marking to Identify Patterns of Selection and Neutral Evolution in Human Osteosarcoma Models |
title_sort | rgb-marking to identify patterns of selection and neutral evolution in human osteosarcoma models |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919355 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092003 |
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