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Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM

The electrochemical machining (ECM) of 42CrMo4 steel in sodium nitrate solution is mechanistically characterized by transpassive material dissolution and the formation of a Fe(3−x)O(4) mixed oxide at the surface. It is assumed that the efficiency of material removal during ECM depends on the structu...

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Autores principales: Schupp, Alexander, Beyss, Oliver, Rommes, Bob, Klink, Andreas, Zander, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33922262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092132
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author Schupp, Alexander
Beyss, Oliver
Rommes, Bob
Klink, Andreas
Zander, Daniela
author_facet Schupp, Alexander
Beyss, Oliver
Rommes, Bob
Klink, Andreas
Zander, Daniela
author_sort Schupp, Alexander
collection PubMed
description The electrochemical machining (ECM) of 42CrMo4 steel in sodium nitrate solution is mechanistically characterized by transpassive material dissolution and the formation of a Fe(3−x)O(4) mixed oxide at the surface. It is assumed that the efficiency of material removal during ECM depends on the structure and composition of this oxide layer as well as on the microstructure of the material. Therefore, 42CrMo4 in different microstructures (ferritic–pearlitic and martensitic) was subjected to two ECM processes with current densities of about 20 A/cm(2) and 34 A/cm(2), respectively. The composition of the process electrolyte was analyzed via mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma in order to obtain information on the efficiency of material removal and the reaction mechanisms. This was followed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to detect the chemical composition and the binding states of chemical elements in the oxide formed during ECM. In summary, it has been demonstrated that the efficiency of material removal in both ECM processes is about 5–10% higher for martensitic 42CrMo4 than for ferritic–pearlitic 42CrMo4. This is on one hand attributed to the presence of the cementite phase at ferritic–pearlitic 42CrMo4, which promotes oxygen evolution and therefore has a negative effect on the material removal efficiency. On the other hand, it is assumed that an increasing proportion of Fe(2)O(3) in the mixed oxide leads to an increase in the process efficiency.
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spelling pubmed-81226992021-05-16 Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM Schupp, Alexander Beyss, Oliver Rommes, Bob Klink, Andreas Zander, Daniela Materials (Basel) Article The electrochemical machining (ECM) of 42CrMo4 steel in sodium nitrate solution is mechanistically characterized by transpassive material dissolution and the formation of a Fe(3−x)O(4) mixed oxide at the surface. It is assumed that the efficiency of material removal during ECM depends on the structure and composition of this oxide layer as well as on the microstructure of the material. Therefore, 42CrMo4 in different microstructures (ferritic–pearlitic and martensitic) was subjected to two ECM processes with current densities of about 20 A/cm(2) and 34 A/cm(2), respectively. The composition of the process electrolyte was analyzed via mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma in order to obtain information on the efficiency of material removal and the reaction mechanisms. This was followed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to detect the chemical composition and the binding states of chemical elements in the oxide formed during ECM. In summary, it has been demonstrated that the efficiency of material removal in both ECM processes is about 5–10% higher for martensitic 42CrMo4 than for ferritic–pearlitic 42CrMo4. This is on one hand attributed to the presence of the cementite phase at ferritic–pearlitic 42CrMo4, which promotes oxygen evolution and therefore has a negative effect on the material removal efficiency. On the other hand, it is assumed that an increasing proportion of Fe(2)O(3) in the mixed oxide leads to an increase in the process efficiency. MDPI 2021-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8122699/ /pubmed/33922262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092132 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Schupp, Alexander
Beyss, Oliver
Rommes, Bob
Klink, Andreas
Zander, Daniela
Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM
title Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM
title_full Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM
title_fullStr Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM
title_full_unstemmed Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM
title_short Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM
title_sort insights on the influence of surface chemistry and rim zone microstructure of 42crmo4 on the efficiency of ecm
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33922262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092132
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