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Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect
Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is a new remote sensing detection method with high spatial and spectral information detection ability. In the process of laser scanning, the laser echo intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter intensity data of HSL. Lase...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33922575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092960 |
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author | Tian, Wenxin Tang, Lingli Chen, Yuwei Li, Ziyang Zhu, Jiajia Jiang, Changhui Hu, Peilun He, Wenjing Wu, Haohao Pan, Miaomiao Lu, Jing Hyyppä, Juha |
author_facet | Tian, Wenxin Tang, Lingli Chen, Yuwei Li, Ziyang Zhu, Jiajia Jiang, Changhui Hu, Peilun He, Wenjing Wu, Haohao Pan, Miaomiao Lu, Jing Hyyppä, Juha |
author_sort | Tian, Wenxin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is a new remote sensing detection method with high spatial and spectral information detection ability. In the process of laser scanning, the laser echo intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter intensity data of HSL. Laser incidence angle is one of the important factors that affect the backscatter intensity of the target. This paper studied the radiometric calibration method of incidence angle effect for HSL. The reflectance of natural surfaces can be simulated as a combination of specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The linear combination of the Lambertian model and Beckmann model provides a comprehensive theory that can be applied to various surface conditions, from glossy to rough surfaces. Therefore, an adaptive threshold radiometric calibration method (Lambertian–Beckmann model) is proposed to solve the problem caused by the incident angle effect. The relationship between backscatter intensity and incident angle of HSL is studied by combining theory with experiments, and the model successfully quantifies the difference between diffuse and specular reflectance coefficients. Compared with the Lambertian model, the proposed model has higher calibration accuracy, and the average improvement rate to the samples in this study was 22.67%. Compared with the results before calibration with the incidence angle of less than 70°, the average improvement rate of the Lambertian–Beckmann model was 62.26%. Moreover, we also found that the green leaves have an obvious specular reflection effect near 650–720 nm, which might be related to the inner microstructure of chlorophyll. The Lambertian–Beckmann model was more helpful to the calibration of leaves in the visible wavelength range. This is a meaningful and a breakthrough exploration for HSL. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8122954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81229542021-05-16 Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect Tian, Wenxin Tang, Lingli Chen, Yuwei Li, Ziyang Zhu, Jiajia Jiang, Changhui Hu, Peilun He, Wenjing Wu, Haohao Pan, Miaomiao Lu, Jing Hyyppä, Juha Sensors (Basel) Article Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is a new remote sensing detection method with high spatial and spectral information detection ability. In the process of laser scanning, the laser echo intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter intensity data of HSL. Laser incidence angle is one of the important factors that affect the backscatter intensity of the target. This paper studied the radiometric calibration method of incidence angle effect for HSL. The reflectance of natural surfaces can be simulated as a combination of specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The linear combination of the Lambertian model and Beckmann model provides a comprehensive theory that can be applied to various surface conditions, from glossy to rough surfaces. Therefore, an adaptive threshold radiometric calibration method (Lambertian–Beckmann model) is proposed to solve the problem caused by the incident angle effect. The relationship between backscatter intensity and incident angle of HSL is studied by combining theory with experiments, and the model successfully quantifies the difference between diffuse and specular reflectance coefficients. Compared with the Lambertian model, the proposed model has higher calibration accuracy, and the average improvement rate to the samples in this study was 22.67%. Compared with the results before calibration with the incidence angle of less than 70°, the average improvement rate of the Lambertian–Beckmann model was 62.26%. Moreover, we also found that the green leaves have an obvious specular reflection effect near 650–720 nm, which might be related to the inner microstructure of chlorophyll. The Lambertian–Beckmann model was more helpful to the calibration of leaves in the visible wavelength range. This is a meaningful and a breakthrough exploration for HSL. MDPI 2021-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8122954/ /pubmed/33922575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092960 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tian, Wenxin Tang, Lingli Chen, Yuwei Li, Ziyang Zhu, Jiajia Jiang, Changhui Hu, Peilun He, Wenjing Wu, Haohao Pan, Miaomiao Lu, Jing Hyyppä, Juha Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
title | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
title_full | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
title_fullStr | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
title_short | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
title_sort | analysis and radiometric calibration for backscatter intensity of hyperspectral lidar caused by incident angle effect |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33922575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092960 |
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