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Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cutaneous Melanoma (CM), arising from pigment-producing melanocytes in the skin, is an aggressive cancer with high metastatic potential. While cutaneous melanoma represents only a fraction of all skin cancers (<5%), it accounts for most skin-cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immune...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123429/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092090 |
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author | Kasakovski, Dimitri Skrygan, Marina Gambichler, Thilo Susok, Laura |
author_facet | Kasakovski, Dimitri Skrygan, Marina Gambichler, Thilo Susok, Laura |
author_sort | Kasakovski, Dimitri |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cutaneous Melanoma (CM), arising from pigment-producing melanocytes in the skin, is an aggressive cancer with high metastatic potential. While cutaneous melanoma represents only a fraction of all skin cancers (<5%), it accounts for most skin-cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibition has been the first therapeutic approach to significantly benefit patient survival after treatment. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the intrinsic and acquired treatment resistance of melanoma remain crucial challenges. Combining local and systemic treatment offers the potential to augment therapeutic response and overcome resistance, although, complex drug combinations can harbor an increased risk of immune-related adverse events. The aim of this review is to give current insight into studies combining systemic and local therapeutic approaches to overcome drug resistance, prime melanoma cells for therapy, and improve overall treatment response in CM patients. ABSTRACT: To date, the skin remains the most common cancer site among Caucasians in the western world. The complex, layered structure of human skin harbors a heterogenous population of specialized cells. Each cell type residing in the skin potentially gives rise to a variety of cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer, sarcoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma is known to exacerbate and metastasize if not detected at an early stage, with mutant melanomas tending to acquire treatment resistance over time. The intricacy of melanoma thus necessitates diverse and patient-centered targeted treatment options. In addition to classical treatment through surgical intervention and radio- or chemotherapy, several systemic and intratumoral immunomodulators, pharmacological agents (e.g., targeted therapies), and oncolytic viruses are trialed or have been recently approved. Moreover, utilizing combinations of immune checkpoint blockade with targeted, oncolytic, or anti-angiogenic approaches for patients with advanced disease progression are promising approaches currently under pre-clinical and clinical investigation. In this review, we summarize the current ‘state-of-the-art’ as well as discuss emerging agents and regimens in cutaneous melanoma treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8123429 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81234292021-05-16 Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma Kasakovski, Dimitri Skrygan, Marina Gambichler, Thilo Susok, Laura Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cutaneous Melanoma (CM), arising from pigment-producing melanocytes in the skin, is an aggressive cancer with high metastatic potential. While cutaneous melanoma represents only a fraction of all skin cancers (<5%), it accounts for most skin-cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibition has been the first therapeutic approach to significantly benefit patient survival after treatment. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the intrinsic and acquired treatment resistance of melanoma remain crucial challenges. Combining local and systemic treatment offers the potential to augment therapeutic response and overcome resistance, although, complex drug combinations can harbor an increased risk of immune-related adverse events. The aim of this review is to give current insight into studies combining systemic and local therapeutic approaches to overcome drug resistance, prime melanoma cells for therapy, and improve overall treatment response in CM patients. ABSTRACT: To date, the skin remains the most common cancer site among Caucasians in the western world. The complex, layered structure of human skin harbors a heterogenous population of specialized cells. Each cell type residing in the skin potentially gives rise to a variety of cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer, sarcoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma is known to exacerbate and metastasize if not detected at an early stage, with mutant melanomas tending to acquire treatment resistance over time. The intricacy of melanoma thus necessitates diverse and patient-centered targeted treatment options. In addition to classical treatment through surgical intervention and radio- or chemotherapy, several systemic and intratumoral immunomodulators, pharmacological agents (e.g., targeted therapies), and oncolytic viruses are trialed or have been recently approved. Moreover, utilizing combinations of immune checkpoint blockade with targeted, oncolytic, or anti-angiogenic approaches for patients with advanced disease progression are promising approaches currently under pre-clinical and clinical investigation. In this review, we summarize the current ‘state-of-the-art’ as well as discuss emerging agents and regimens in cutaneous melanoma treatment. MDPI 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8123429/ /pubmed/33925915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092090 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kasakovski, Dimitri Skrygan, Marina Gambichler, Thilo Susok, Laura Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma |
title | Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma |
title_full | Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma |
title_fullStr | Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma |
title_short | Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma |
title_sort | advances in targeting cutaneous melanoma |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123429/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092090 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kasakovskidimitri advancesintargetingcutaneousmelanoma AT skryganmarina advancesintargetingcutaneousmelanoma AT gambichlerthilo advancesintargetingcutaneousmelanoma AT susoklaura advancesintargetingcutaneousmelanoma |