Cargando…

The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhu, Han-Yan, Hong, Fen-Fang, Yang, Shu-Long
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33926146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094540
_version_ 1783692968460288000
author Zhu, Han-Yan
Hong, Fen-Fang
Yang, Shu-Long
author_facet Zhu, Han-Yan
Hong, Fen-Fang
Yang, Shu-Long
author_sort Zhu, Han-Yan
collection PubMed
description Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8123648
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81236482021-05-16 The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches Zhu, Han-Yan Hong, Fen-Fang Yang, Shu-Long Int J Mol Sci Review Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches. MDPI 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8123648/ /pubmed/33926146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094540 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zhu, Han-Yan
Hong, Fen-Fang
Yang, Shu-Long
The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
title The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
title_full The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
title_fullStr The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
title_full_unstemmed The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
title_short The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
title_sort roles of nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway in the pathology of vascular dementia and related therapeutic approaches
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33926146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094540
work_keys_str_mv AT zhuhanyan therolesofnitricoxidesynthasenitricoxidepathwayinthepathologyofvasculardementiaandrelatedtherapeuticapproaches
AT hongfenfang therolesofnitricoxidesynthasenitricoxidepathwayinthepathologyofvasculardementiaandrelatedtherapeuticapproaches
AT yangshulong therolesofnitricoxidesynthasenitricoxidepathwayinthepathologyofvasculardementiaandrelatedtherapeuticapproaches
AT zhuhanyan rolesofnitricoxidesynthasenitricoxidepathwayinthepathologyofvasculardementiaandrelatedtherapeuticapproaches
AT hongfenfang rolesofnitricoxidesynthasenitricoxidepathwayinthepathologyofvasculardementiaandrelatedtherapeuticapproaches
AT yangshulong rolesofnitricoxidesynthasenitricoxidepathwayinthepathologyofvasculardementiaandrelatedtherapeuticapproaches