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The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123648/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33926146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094540 |
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author | Zhu, Han-Yan Hong, Fen-Fang Yang, Shu-Long |
author_facet | Zhu, Han-Yan Hong, Fen-Fang Yang, Shu-Long |
author_sort | Zhu, Han-Yan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8123648 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81236482021-05-16 The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches Zhu, Han-Yan Hong, Fen-Fang Yang, Shu-Long Int J Mol Sci Review Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches. MDPI 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8123648/ /pubmed/33926146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094540 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zhu, Han-Yan Hong, Fen-Fang Yang, Shu-Long The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches |
title | The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches |
title_full | The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches |
title_fullStr | The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches |
title_full_unstemmed | The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches |
title_short | The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches |
title_sort | roles of nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway in the pathology of vascular dementia and related therapeutic approaches |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123648/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33926146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094540 |
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