Correlation of Objective Endpoints and Subjective Patient-Reported Outcomes in NAFLD Treatment with Essential Phospholipids: Real-World Data Based on Pooled Analysis of Observational Studies

BACKGROUND: While no “gold-standard” pharmacotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet established, essential phospholipids (EPLs) are reported to decrease steatosis and improve laboratory parameters. OBJECTIVE: This analysis evaluated adherence and satisfaction with EPL treatment as patient-reported outcomes and their relationship with changes in laboratory and ultrasound parameters among Russian patients with NAFLD. METHODS: Data were pooled from three observational Russian studies—MANPOWER (2015–2016), LIDER 1 (2012–2013), and LIDER 2 (2013)—in which EPLs were used for at least 12 weeks in the treatment of liver diseases and which measured both subjective and objective endpoints. Only patients who had NAFLD were included in this analysis. The main endpoints were to determine treatment adherence and satisfaction with 12 weeks of EPL therapy, relationship between adherence/satisfaction and changes in the laboratory and ultrasound parameters. A secondary subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients with NAFLD who responded better (or worse) to 24 weeks of adjunctive EPL treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 3384 patients were included. A total of 82.2% of patients were adherent to 12 weeks of EPL treatment; high/very high satisfaction was reported by 15.3%/65.9% of clinicians and 15.9%/64.4% of patients. There was positive correlation between patients’ adherence and satisfaction and significant improvement in laboratory (transaminases, lipid profile; p < 0.001) and ultrasound (steatosis, p < 0.001) parameters, and improvement in symptoms (p < 0.001) after 24 weeks of EPL. Male patients, patients with unhealthy lifestyles, and those with more comorbidities showed a better response in laboratory and ultrasound parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NAFLD treated with adjunctive EPL therapy in real-world clinical practice in Russia showed good treatment adherence and treatment satisfaction. Improvements in laboratory and ultrasound parameters, as well as dynamics of patient symptoms, were positively correlated with adherence and satisfaction. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40801-021-00250-x.