Cargando…
Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands
The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of vertical subsurface flow treatment wetlands (VSSF TWs) for treating rural domestic wastewater when strategies such as bed depth reduction and media change are used in combination with bottom saturation. Two treatment wetland systems were implem...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124162/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34062738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094842 |
_version_ | 1783693120884441088 |
---|---|
author | Vera-Puerto, Ismael Valdés, Hugo Correa, Christian Perez, Valeria Gomez, Roberto Alarcon, Erica Arias, Carlos |
author_facet | Vera-Puerto, Ismael Valdés, Hugo Correa, Christian Perez, Valeria Gomez, Roberto Alarcon, Erica Arias, Carlos |
author_sort | Vera-Puerto, Ismael |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of vertical subsurface flow treatment wetlands (VSSF TWs) for treating rural domestic wastewater when strategies such as bed depth reduction and media change are used in combination with bottom saturation. Two treatment wetland systems were implemented: normal (VF-N), with a bed depth of 1.0 m, and modified (VF-M), with a bed depth of 0.5 m and a bottom layer of natural zeolite. Schoenoplectus californicus was used as experimental plant. These two treatment systems were operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 120 mm/d in two phases. Phase I did not use bottom saturation, while Phase II involved a bottom saturation of the zeolite layer of the VF-M system. The results show that bed depth reduction did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) in terms of organic matter, solids, and ammonium removal. Conversely, it had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on phosphate as well as a negative effect on pathogen removal. This influence could be explained by initial media capacity for phosphorus removal and filtration importance in the case of pathogens. Partial saturation only had a positive influence on total nitrogen removal. The addition of a bottom layer of natural zeolite showed no positive effect on nutrient removal. The plant showed adaptation and positive development in both VF-N and VF-M. The water balance showed that water loss was not influenced by bed depth reduction. Therefore, according to the previous results, a combination of the proposal modifications to VSSF TWs can be introduced for treating rural domestic wastewater. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8124162 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81241622021-05-17 Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands Vera-Puerto, Ismael Valdés, Hugo Correa, Christian Perez, Valeria Gomez, Roberto Alarcon, Erica Arias, Carlos Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of vertical subsurface flow treatment wetlands (VSSF TWs) for treating rural domestic wastewater when strategies such as bed depth reduction and media change are used in combination with bottom saturation. Two treatment wetland systems were implemented: normal (VF-N), with a bed depth of 1.0 m, and modified (VF-M), with a bed depth of 0.5 m and a bottom layer of natural zeolite. Schoenoplectus californicus was used as experimental plant. These two treatment systems were operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 120 mm/d in two phases. Phase I did not use bottom saturation, while Phase II involved a bottom saturation of the zeolite layer of the VF-M system. The results show that bed depth reduction did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) in terms of organic matter, solids, and ammonium removal. Conversely, it had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on phosphate as well as a negative effect on pathogen removal. This influence could be explained by initial media capacity for phosphorus removal and filtration importance in the case of pathogens. Partial saturation only had a positive influence on total nitrogen removal. The addition of a bottom layer of natural zeolite showed no positive effect on nutrient removal. The plant showed adaptation and positive development in both VF-N and VF-M. The water balance showed that water loss was not influenced by bed depth reduction. Therefore, according to the previous results, a combination of the proposal modifications to VSSF TWs can be introduced for treating rural domestic wastewater. MDPI 2021-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8124162/ /pubmed/34062738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094842 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Vera-Puerto, Ismael Valdés, Hugo Correa, Christian Perez, Valeria Gomez, Roberto Alarcon, Erica Arias, Carlos Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands |
title | Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands |
title_full | Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands |
title_short | Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands |
title_sort | evaluation of bed depth reduction, media change, and partial saturation as combined strategies to modify in vertical treatment wetlands |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124162/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34062738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094842 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT verapuertoismael evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands AT valdeshugo evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands AT correachristian evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands AT perezvaleria evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands AT gomezroberto evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands AT alarconerica evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands AT ariascarlos evaluationofbeddepthreductionmediachangeandpartialsaturationascombinedstrategiestomodifyinverticaltreatmentwetlands |