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Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery

Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most frequent and malignant brain tumors in children. The prognosis depends on the advancement of the disease and the patient’s age. Current therapies, which include surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation, despite being quite effective, cause significant side effec...

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Autores principales: Strejczek, Agata, Woszczyk, Dawid, Urbaniak, Helena, Różańska, Martyna, Robak, Michał, Matuszewska, Zofia, Barciszewska, Anna-Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094925
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author Strejczek, Agata
Woszczyk, Dawid
Urbaniak, Helena
Różańska, Martyna
Robak, Michał
Matuszewska, Zofia
Barciszewska, Anna-Maria
author_facet Strejczek, Agata
Woszczyk, Dawid
Urbaniak, Helena
Różańska, Martyna
Robak, Michał
Matuszewska, Zofia
Barciszewska, Anna-Maria
author_sort Strejczek, Agata
collection PubMed
description Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most frequent and malignant brain tumors in children. The prognosis depends on the advancement of the disease and the patient’s age. Current therapies, which include surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation, despite being quite effective, cause significant side effects that influence the central nervous system’s function and cause neurocognitive deficits. Therefore, they substantially lower the quality of life, which is especially severe in a developing organism. Thus, there is a need for new therapies that are less toxic and even more effective. Recently, knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms that are responsible for medulloblastoma development has increased. Epigenetics is a phenomenon that influences gene expression but can be easily modified by external factors. The best known epigenetic mechanisms are histone modifications, DNA methylation, or noncoding RNAs actions. Epigenetic mechanisms comprehensively explain the complex phenomena of carcinogenesis. At the same time, they seem to be a potential key to treating medulloblastoma with fewer complications than past therapies. This review presents the currently known epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in medulloblastoma pathogenesis and the potential therapies that use epigenetic traits to cure medulloblastoma while maintaining a good quality of life and ensuring a higher median overall survival rate.
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spelling pubmed-81244622021-05-17 Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery Strejczek, Agata Woszczyk, Dawid Urbaniak, Helena Różańska, Martyna Robak, Michał Matuszewska, Zofia Barciszewska, Anna-Maria Int J Mol Sci Review Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most frequent and malignant brain tumors in children. The prognosis depends on the advancement of the disease and the patient’s age. Current therapies, which include surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation, despite being quite effective, cause significant side effects that influence the central nervous system’s function and cause neurocognitive deficits. Therefore, they substantially lower the quality of life, which is especially severe in a developing organism. Thus, there is a need for new therapies that are less toxic and even more effective. Recently, knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms that are responsible for medulloblastoma development has increased. Epigenetics is a phenomenon that influences gene expression but can be easily modified by external factors. The best known epigenetic mechanisms are histone modifications, DNA methylation, or noncoding RNAs actions. Epigenetic mechanisms comprehensively explain the complex phenomena of carcinogenesis. At the same time, they seem to be a potential key to treating medulloblastoma with fewer complications than past therapies. This review presents the currently known epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in medulloblastoma pathogenesis and the potential therapies that use epigenetic traits to cure medulloblastoma while maintaining a good quality of life and ensuring a higher median overall survival rate. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8124462/ /pubmed/34066495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094925 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Strejczek, Agata
Woszczyk, Dawid
Urbaniak, Helena
Różańska, Martyna
Robak, Michał
Matuszewska, Zofia
Barciszewska, Anna-Maria
Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery
title Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery
title_full Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery
title_fullStr Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery
title_short Epigenetic-Based Therapy—A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients’ Recovery
title_sort epigenetic-based therapy—a prospective chance for medulloblastoma patients’ recovery
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094925
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