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Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity
Vitamin D and beta-glucans are both immunostimulants. Vitamin D exerts its beneficial effects on many components of the immune system. In macrophages, the hormone modulates both phagocytic activity and cytokine production; therefore, it plays an important role in mediating the innate immune response...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124691/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094869 |
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author | Bergandi, Loredana Apprato, Giulia Silvagno, Francesca |
author_facet | Bergandi, Loredana Apprato, Giulia Silvagno, Francesca |
author_sort | Bergandi, Loredana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vitamin D and beta-glucans are both immunostimulants. Vitamin D exerts its beneficial effects on many components of the immune system. In macrophages, the hormone modulates both phagocytic activity and cytokine production; therefore, it plays an important role in mediating the innate immune response to infection. The immunomodulatory properties of beta-glucans are attributed to the ability of these fungal cell wall polysaccharides to bind to different receptors expressed on the cell surface of phagocytic and cytotoxic innate immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. The intracellular signaling pathways activated by beta-glucans lead to enhanced phagocytosis and cytokine response. In this study we investigated the possible potentiation of immunomodulatory properties of the combined treatment with vitamin D and beta-glucans. The effects of 100 nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 100 µg/mL beta-glucans were evaluated in human macrophages in terms of cytokine production, intracellular vesicle acidification and changes in energy metabolism, three hallmarks of macrophage antimicrobial activation. We found that all the analyzed parameters were enhanced by the co-treatment compared to the response to single molecules. The results of this study support the validity of a novel therapeutic approach that could boost the immune response, taking advantage of the synergy between two natural compounds. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8124691 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81246912021-05-17 Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity Bergandi, Loredana Apprato, Giulia Silvagno, Francesca Int J Mol Sci Article Vitamin D and beta-glucans are both immunostimulants. Vitamin D exerts its beneficial effects on many components of the immune system. In macrophages, the hormone modulates both phagocytic activity and cytokine production; therefore, it plays an important role in mediating the innate immune response to infection. The immunomodulatory properties of beta-glucans are attributed to the ability of these fungal cell wall polysaccharides to bind to different receptors expressed on the cell surface of phagocytic and cytotoxic innate immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. The intracellular signaling pathways activated by beta-glucans lead to enhanced phagocytosis and cytokine response. In this study we investigated the possible potentiation of immunomodulatory properties of the combined treatment with vitamin D and beta-glucans. The effects of 100 nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 100 µg/mL beta-glucans were evaluated in human macrophages in terms of cytokine production, intracellular vesicle acidification and changes in energy metabolism, three hallmarks of macrophage antimicrobial activation. We found that all the analyzed parameters were enhanced by the co-treatment compared to the response to single molecules. The results of this study support the validity of a novel therapeutic approach that could boost the immune response, taking advantage of the synergy between two natural compounds. MDPI 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8124691/ /pubmed/34064458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094869 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bergandi, Loredana Apprato, Giulia Silvagno, Francesca Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity |
title | Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity |
title_full | Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity |
title_fullStr | Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity |
title_short | Vitamin D and Beta-Glucans Synergically Stimulate Human Macrophage Activity |
title_sort | vitamin d and beta-glucans synergically stimulate human macrophage activity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124691/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094869 |
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