Cargando…
Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer
SIMPLE SUMMARY: In colorectal cancer, mutations of the KRAS and BRAF genes are quite common and can contribute to the activation of cell signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation and differentiation. These processes promote cancer growth, and in some cases, they may cause cells to develop r...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092201 |
_version_ | 1783693286575177728 |
---|---|
author | Bellio, Helene Fumet, Jean David Ghiringhelli, Francois |
author_facet | Bellio, Helene Fumet, Jean David Ghiringhelli, Francois |
author_sort | Bellio, Helene |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: In colorectal cancer, mutations of the KRAS and BRAF genes are quite common and can contribute to the activation of cell signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation and differentiation. These processes promote cancer growth, and in some cases, they may cause cells to develop resistance to certain types of treatment, notably EGFR inhibitors. We summarize recent knowledge regarding the effects of KRAS and BRAF mutations in the setting of colorectal cancer and discuss the new therapies under development. ABSTRACT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most frequent forms of cancer in the world in terms of incidence. Around 40% of CRC patients carry a mutation of the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene, while 10% have a mutation in the B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) gene. These mutations are responsible for dysregulation of the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, leading to the proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis of cells. Activation of the MAPK pathway results in adaptive therapeutic resistance, rendering EGFR inhibitors ineffective. This review aims to highlight the recent findings that have improved our understanding of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer and to describe new targeted therapies, used alone or in combination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8124706 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81247062021-05-17 Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer Bellio, Helene Fumet, Jean David Ghiringhelli, Francois Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: In colorectal cancer, mutations of the KRAS and BRAF genes are quite common and can contribute to the activation of cell signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation and differentiation. These processes promote cancer growth, and in some cases, they may cause cells to develop resistance to certain types of treatment, notably EGFR inhibitors. We summarize recent knowledge regarding the effects of KRAS and BRAF mutations in the setting of colorectal cancer and discuss the new therapies under development. ABSTRACT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most frequent forms of cancer in the world in terms of incidence. Around 40% of CRC patients carry a mutation of the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene, while 10% have a mutation in the B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) gene. These mutations are responsible for dysregulation of the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, leading to the proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis of cells. Activation of the MAPK pathway results in adaptive therapeutic resistance, rendering EGFR inhibitors ineffective. This review aims to highlight the recent findings that have improved our understanding of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer and to describe new targeted therapies, used alone or in combination. MDPI 2021-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8124706/ /pubmed/34063682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092201 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bellio, Helene Fumet, Jean David Ghiringhelli, Francois Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer |
title | Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer |
title_full | Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer |
title_fullStr | Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer |
title_short | Targeting BRAF and RAS in Colorectal Cancer |
title_sort | targeting braf and ras in colorectal cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092201 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT belliohelene targetingbrafandrasincolorectalcancer AT fumetjeandavid targetingbrafandrasincolorectalcancer AT ghiringhellifrancois targetingbrafandrasincolorectalcancer |