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The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania
Benzene, toluene, and total BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) concentrations registered for one year (2016) have been determined every month for one high-density traffic area. The assessment was performed in Arad City, Romania, to evaluate these pollutants and their influence on the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094858 |
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author | Popitanu, Corina Cioca, Gabriela Copolovici, Lucian Iosif, Dennis Munteanu, Florentina-Daniela Copolovici, Dana |
author_facet | Popitanu, Corina Cioca, Gabriela Copolovici, Lucian Iosif, Dennis Munteanu, Florentina-Daniela Copolovici, Dana |
author_sort | Popitanu, Corina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Benzene, toluene, and total BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) concentrations registered for one year (2016) have been determined every month for one high-density traffic area. The assessment was performed in Arad City, Romania, to evaluate these pollutants and their influence on the inhabitants’ health. The contaminants were sampled using a static sampling method and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Benzene was the most dominant among the BTEX compounds—the average concentrations ranged from 18.00 ± 1.32 µg m(−3) in December to 2.47 ± 0.74 µg m(−3) in August. The average toluene concentration over the year was 4.36 ± 2.42 µg m(−3) (with a maximum of 9.60 ± 2.39 µg m(−3) in November and a minimum of 1.04 ± 0.29 µg m(−3) in May). The toluene/benzene ratio (T/B) was around 0.5, indicating substantial contributions from mobile sources (vehicles). The emission and accumulation of different aromatic compounds (especially benzene) could deteriorate the urban air quality. The lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene was found to be more than 10(−5) in winter, including the inhabitants in the “probable cancer risk” category. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8124805 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81248052021-05-17 The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania Popitanu, Corina Cioca, Gabriela Copolovici, Lucian Iosif, Dennis Munteanu, Florentina-Daniela Copolovici, Dana Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Benzene, toluene, and total BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) concentrations registered for one year (2016) have been determined every month for one high-density traffic area. The assessment was performed in Arad City, Romania, to evaluate these pollutants and their influence on the inhabitants’ health. The contaminants were sampled using a static sampling method and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Benzene was the most dominant among the BTEX compounds—the average concentrations ranged from 18.00 ± 1.32 µg m(−3) in December to 2.47 ± 0.74 µg m(−3) in August. The average toluene concentration over the year was 4.36 ± 2.42 µg m(−3) (with a maximum of 9.60 ± 2.39 µg m(−3) in November and a minimum of 1.04 ± 0.29 µg m(−3) in May). The toluene/benzene ratio (T/B) was around 0.5, indicating substantial contributions from mobile sources (vehicles). The emission and accumulation of different aromatic compounds (especially benzene) could deteriorate the urban air quality. The lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene was found to be more than 10(−5) in winter, including the inhabitants in the “probable cancer risk” category. MDPI 2021-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8124805/ /pubmed/34063249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094858 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Popitanu, Corina Cioca, Gabriela Copolovici, Lucian Iosif, Dennis Munteanu, Florentina-Daniela Copolovici, Dana The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania |
title | The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania |
title_full | The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania |
title_fullStr | The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania |
title_full_unstemmed | The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania |
title_short | The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania |
title_sort | seasonality impact of the btex pollution on the atmosphere of arad city, romania |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094858 |
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