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Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know
The aging of the organism is a complex and multifactorial process. It can be viewed in the context of the whole organism, but also of individual tissues and organs. The problem of vaginal aging and the related genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly reduces the quality of women’s lives. Th...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125346/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094935 |
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author | Szymański, Jacek K. Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak, Aneta Jakiel, Grzegorz |
author_facet | Szymański, Jacek K. Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak, Aneta Jakiel, Grzegorz |
author_sort | Szymański, Jacek K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aging of the organism is a complex and multifactorial process. It can be viewed in the context of the whole organism, but also of individual tissues and organs. The problem of vaginal aging and the related genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly reduces the quality of women’s lives. The aging process of the vagina includes estrogen deficiencies, changes in the microbiome, and changes at the genetic level associated with DNA methylation. During the menopause, the number of Lactobacillus colonies decreases, and the number of pathological bacteria colonies increases. The decrease in estrogen levels results in a decrease in vaginal epithelial permeability, perfusion, and elastin levels, resulting in vaginal dryness and atrophy. Changes at the molecular level are the least clear. It can also be assumed that, similarly to the tissues studied so far, there are changes in cytosine methylation and TET (ten-eleven translocation) expression. The interrelationships between DNA methylation, hormonal changes, and the vaginal microbiome have not yet been fully elucidated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8125346 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81253462021-05-17 Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know Szymański, Jacek K. Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak, Aneta Jakiel, Grzegorz Int J Environ Res Public Health Review The aging of the organism is a complex and multifactorial process. It can be viewed in the context of the whole organism, but also of individual tissues and organs. The problem of vaginal aging and the related genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly reduces the quality of women’s lives. The aging process of the vagina includes estrogen deficiencies, changes in the microbiome, and changes at the genetic level associated with DNA methylation. During the menopause, the number of Lactobacillus colonies decreases, and the number of pathological bacteria colonies increases. The decrease in estrogen levels results in a decrease in vaginal epithelial permeability, perfusion, and elastin levels, resulting in vaginal dryness and atrophy. Changes at the molecular level are the least clear. It can also be assumed that, similarly to the tissues studied so far, there are changes in cytosine methylation and TET (ten-eleven translocation) expression. The interrelationships between DNA methylation, hormonal changes, and the vaginal microbiome have not yet been fully elucidated. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8125346/ /pubmed/34066357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094935 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Szymański, Jacek K. Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak, Aneta Jakiel, Grzegorz Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know |
title | Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know |
title_full | Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know |
title_fullStr | Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know |
title_full_unstemmed | Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know |
title_short | Vaginal Aging—What We Know and What We Do Not Know |
title_sort | vaginal aging—what we know and what we do not know |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125346/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094935 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT szymanskijacekk vaginalagingwhatweknowandwhatwedonotknow AT słabuszewskajozwiakaneta vaginalagingwhatweknowandwhatwedonotknow AT jakielgrzegorz vaginalagingwhatweknowandwhatwedonotknow |