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Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094943 |
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author | Antonelli, Giada Cappelli, Luigia Cinelli, Paolo Cuffaro, Rossella Manca, Benedetta Nicchi, Sonia Tondi, Serena Vezzani, Giacomo Viviani, Viola Delany, Isabel Scarselli, Maria Schiavetti, Francesca |
author_facet | Antonelli, Giada Cappelli, Luigia Cinelli, Paolo Cuffaro, Rossella Manca, Benedetta Nicchi, Sonia Tondi, Serena Vezzani, Giacomo Viviani, Viola Delany, Isabel Scarselli, Maria Schiavetti, Francesca |
author_sort | Antonelli, Giada |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8125385 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81253852021-05-17 Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antonelli, Giada Cappelli, Luigia Cinelli, Paolo Cuffaro, Rossella Manca, Benedetta Nicchi, Sonia Tondi, Serena Vezzani, Giacomo Viviani, Viola Delany, Isabel Scarselli, Maria Schiavetti, Francesca Int J Mol Sci Review Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8125385/ /pubmed/34066555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094943 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Antonelli, Giada Cappelli, Luigia Cinelli, Paolo Cuffaro, Rossella Manca, Benedetta Nicchi, Sonia Tondi, Serena Vezzani, Giacomo Viviani, Viola Delany, Isabel Scarselli, Maria Schiavetti, Francesca Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
title | Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
title_full | Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
title_fullStr | Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
title_full_unstemmed | Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
title_short | Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
title_sort | strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance: the example of escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094943 |
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