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Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon...

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Autores principales: Antonelli, Giada, Cappelli, Luigia, Cinelli, Paolo, Cuffaro, Rossella, Manca, Benedetta, Nicchi, Sonia, Tondi, Serena, Vezzani, Giacomo, Viviani, Viola, Delany, Isabel, Scarselli, Maria, Schiavetti, Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094943
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author Antonelli, Giada
Cappelli, Luigia
Cinelli, Paolo
Cuffaro, Rossella
Manca, Benedetta
Nicchi, Sonia
Tondi, Serena
Vezzani, Giacomo
Viviani, Viola
Delany, Isabel
Scarselli, Maria
Schiavetti, Francesca
author_facet Antonelli, Giada
Cappelli, Luigia
Cinelli, Paolo
Cuffaro, Rossella
Manca, Benedetta
Nicchi, Sonia
Tondi, Serena
Vezzani, Giacomo
Viviani, Viola
Delany, Isabel
Scarselli, Maria
Schiavetti, Francesca
author_sort Antonelli, Giada
collection PubMed
description Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies.
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spelling pubmed-81253852021-05-17 Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antonelli, Giada Cappelli, Luigia Cinelli, Paolo Cuffaro, Rossella Manca, Benedetta Nicchi, Sonia Tondi, Serena Vezzani, Giacomo Viviani, Viola Delany, Isabel Scarselli, Maria Schiavetti, Francesca Int J Mol Sci Review Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8125385/ /pubmed/34066555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094943 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Antonelli, Giada
Cappelli, Luigia
Cinelli, Paolo
Cuffaro, Rossella
Manca, Benedetta
Nicchi, Sonia
Tondi, Serena
Vezzani, Giacomo
Viviani, Viola
Delany, Isabel
Scarselli, Maria
Schiavetti, Francesca
Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_fullStr Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full_unstemmed Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_short Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_sort strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance: the example of escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094943
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