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Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between country-level structural ageism and prevalence of violence against older persons. DESIGN: Country-level ecological study. SETTING: Structural ageism data were drawn from the nationally representative World Values Survey 2010–2014 (WVS), global database...

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Autores principales: Chang, E-Shien, Monin, Joan K, Zelterman, Daniel, Levy, Becca R
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986041
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042580
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author Chang, E-Shien
Monin, Joan K
Zelterman, Daniel
Levy, Becca R
author_facet Chang, E-Shien
Monin, Joan K
Zelterman, Daniel
Levy, Becca R
author_sort Chang, E-Shien
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between country-level structural ageism and prevalence of violence against older persons. DESIGN: Country-level ecological study. SETTING: Structural ageism data were drawn from the nationally representative World Values Survey 2010–2014 (WVS), global databases from the WHO, United Nations and the World Bank. Violence data were based on the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study 2017. PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of 56 countries that represented 63.1% of the world’s ageing population aged 60 and over across all six of WHO regions. EXPOSURE: Structural ageism, following established structural stigma measures, consisted of two components: (1) discriminatory national policies related to older persons’ economic, social, civil and political rights, based on the four core components of human rights protection in Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging and (2) prejudicial social norms against older persons, measured by negative attitudes toward older persons in 56 national polls in WVS aggregated to country-level. These components were z scored and combined such that higher score indicated greater structural ageism. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prevalence rates of violence per 100 000 persons aged 70 and over in each country was based on extensive epidemiological surveillance data, survey, clinical data and insurance claims in GBD and compiled by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. RESULTS: There was a wide variation in levels of structural ageism across countries. As predicted, structural ageism was significantly associated with the prevalence rates of violence in multivariate models (β=205.7, SE=96.3, p=0.03), after adjusting for relevant covariates. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. That is, structural ageism did not predict other types of violence and other types of prejudice did not predict violence against older persons. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of the association between higher structural ageism and greater violence against older persons across countries.
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spelling pubmed-81263062021-05-26 Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries Chang, E-Shien Monin, Joan K Zelterman, Daniel Levy, Becca R BMJ Open Public Health OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between country-level structural ageism and prevalence of violence against older persons. DESIGN: Country-level ecological study. SETTING: Structural ageism data were drawn from the nationally representative World Values Survey 2010–2014 (WVS), global databases from the WHO, United Nations and the World Bank. Violence data were based on the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study 2017. PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of 56 countries that represented 63.1% of the world’s ageing population aged 60 and over across all six of WHO regions. EXPOSURE: Structural ageism, following established structural stigma measures, consisted of two components: (1) discriminatory national policies related to older persons’ economic, social, civil and political rights, based on the four core components of human rights protection in Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging and (2) prejudicial social norms against older persons, measured by negative attitudes toward older persons in 56 national polls in WVS aggregated to country-level. These components were z scored and combined such that higher score indicated greater structural ageism. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prevalence rates of violence per 100 000 persons aged 70 and over in each country was based on extensive epidemiological surveillance data, survey, clinical data and insurance claims in GBD and compiled by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. RESULTS: There was a wide variation in levels of structural ageism across countries. As predicted, structural ageism was significantly associated with the prevalence rates of violence in multivariate models (β=205.7, SE=96.3, p=0.03), after adjusting for relevant covariates. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. That is, structural ageism did not predict other types of violence and other types of prejudice did not predict violence against older persons. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of the association between higher structural ageism and greater violence against older persons across countries. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8126306/ /pubmed/33986041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042580 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Public Health
Chang, E-Shien
Monin, Joan K
Zelterman, Daniel
Levy, Becca R
Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
title Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
title_full Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
title_fullStr Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
title_full_unstemmed Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
title_short Impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
title_sort impact of structural ageism on greater violence against older persons: a cross-national study of 56 countries
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986041
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042580
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