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Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth
Many reptiles are able to continuously replace their teeth through life, an ability attributed to the existence of epithelial stem cells. Tooth replacement occurs in a spatially and temporally regulated manner, suggesting the involvement of diffusible factors, potentially over long distances. Here,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34012403 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.576816 |
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author | Brink, Kirstin S. Henríquez, Joaquín Ignacio Grieco, Theresa M. Martin del Campo, Jesus Rodolfo Fu, Katherine Richman, Joy M. |
author_facet | Brink, Kirstin S. Henríquez, Joaquín Ignacio Grieco, Theresa M. Martin del Campo, Jesus Rodolfo Fu, Katherine Richman, Joy M. |
author_sort | Brink, Kirstin S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many reptiles are able to continuously replace their teeth through life, an ability attributed to the existence of epithelial stem cells. Tooth replacement occurs in a spatially and temporally regulated manner, suggesting the involvement of diffusible factors, potentially over long distances. Here, we locally disrupted tooth replacement in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and followed the recovery of the dentition. We looked at the effects on local patterning and functionally tested whether putative epithelial stem cells can give rise to multiple cell types in the enamel organs of new teeth. Second generation teeth with enamel and dentine were removed from adult geckos. The dental lamina was either left intact or disrupted in order to interfere with local patterning cues. The dentition began to reform by 1 month and was nearly recovered by 2–3 months as shown in μCT scans and eruption of teeth labeled with fluorescent markers. Microscopic analysis showed that the dental lamina was fully healed by 1 month. The deepest parts of the dental lamina retained odontogenic identity as shown by PITX2 staining. A pulse-chase was carried out to label cells that were stimulated to enter the cell cycle and then would carry BrdU forward into subsequent tooth generations. Initially we labeled 70–78% of PCNA cells with BrdU. After a 1-month chase, the percentage of BrdU + PCNA labeled cells in the dental lamina had dropped to 10%, consistent with the dilution of the label. There was also a population of single, BrdU-labeled cells present up to 2 months post surgery. These BrdU-labeled cells were almost entirely located in the dental lamina and were the likely progenitor/stem cells because they had not entered the cell cycle. In contrast fragmented BrdU was seen in the PCNA-positive, proliferating enamel organs. Homeostasis and recovery of the gecko dentition was therefore mediated by a stable population of epithelial stem cells in the dental lamina. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8126719 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81267192021-05-18 Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth Brink, Kirstin S. Henríquez, Joaquín Ignacio Grieco, Theresa M. Martin del Campo, Jesus Rodolfo Fu, Katherine Richman, Joy M. Front Physiol Physiology Many reptiles are able to continuously replace their teeth through life, an ability attributed to the existence of epithelial stem cells. Tooth replacement occurs in a spatially and temporally regulated manner, suggesting the involvement of diffusible factors, potentially over long distances. Here, we locally disrupted tooth replacement in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and followed the recovery of the dentition. We looked at the effects on local patterning and functionally tested whether putative epithelial stem cells can give rise to multiple cell types in the enamel organs of new teeth. Second generation teeth with enamel and dentine were removed from adult geckos. The dental lamina was either left intact or disrupted in order to interfere with local patterning cues. The dentition began to reform by 1 month and was nearly recovered by 2–3 months as shown in μCT scans and eruption of teeth labeled with fluorescent markers. Microscopic analysis showed that the dental lamina was fully healed by 1 month. The deepest parts of the dental lamina retained odontogenic identity as shown by PITX2 staining. A pulse-chase was carried out to label cells that were stimulated to enter the cell cycle and then would carry BrdU forward into subsequent tooth generations. Initially we labeled 70–78% of PCNA cells with BrdU. After a 1-month chase, the percentage of BrdU + PCNA labeled cells in the dental lamina had dropped to 10%, consistent with the dilution of the label. There was also a population of single, BrdU-labeled cells present up to 2 months post surgery. These BrdU-labeled cells were almost entirely located in the dental lamina and were the likely progenitor/stem cells because they had not entered the cell cycle. In contrast fragmented BrdU was seen in the PCNA-positive, proliferating enamel organs. Homeostasis and recovery of the gecko dentition was therefore mediated by a stable population of epithelial stem cells in the dental lamina. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8126719/ /pubmed/34012403 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.576816 Text en Copyright © 2021 Brink, Henríquez, Grieco, Martin del Campo, Fu and Richman. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Brink, Kirstin S. Henríquez, Joaquín Ignacio Grieco, Theresa M. Martin del Campo, Jesus Rodolfo Fu, Katherine Richman, Joy M. Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth |
title | Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth |
title_full | Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth |
title_fullStr | Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth |
title_full_unstemmed | Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth |
title_short | Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth |
title_sort | tooth removal in the leopard gecko and the de novo formation of replacement teeth |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34012403 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.576816 |
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