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Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis

Infected dogs are considered the main domestic animal reservoirs for Leishmania infantum parasite. Infectiousness to competent phlebotomine vectors has been associated with many factors, the main being the severity of the disease exhibited by infected dogs. This study examines the relationship betwe...

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Autores principales: Gizzarelli, Manuela, Bosco, Antonio, Foglia Manzillo, Valentina, Bongiorno, Gioia, Bianchi, Riccardo, Giaquinto, Daniela, Ben Fayala, Nour El Houda, Varloud, Marie, Crippa, Alessia, Gradoni, Luigi, Cringoli, Giuseppe, Maurelli, Maria Paola, Rinaldi, Laura, Oliva, Gaetano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8129199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34017871
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.667290
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author Gizzarelli, Manuela
Bosco, Antonio
Foglia Manzillo, Valentina
Bongiorno, Gioia
Bianchi, Riccardo
Giaquinto, Daniela
Ben Fayala, Nour El Houda
Varloud, Marie
Crippa, Alessia
Gradoni, Luigi
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Maurelli, Maria Paola
Rinaldi, Laura
Oliva, Gaetano
author_facet Gizzarelli, Manuela
Bosco, Antonio
Foglia Manzillo, Valentina
Bongiorno, Gioia
Bianchi, Riccardo
Giaquinto, Daniela
Ben Fayala, Nour El Houda
Varloud, Marie
Crippa, Alessia
Gradoni, Luigi
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Maurelli, Maria Paola
Rinaldi, Laura
Oliva, Gaetano
author_sort Gizzarelli, Manuela
collection PubMed
description Infected dogs are considered the main domestic animal reservoirs for Leishmania infantum parasite. Infectiousness to competent phlebotomine vectors has been associated with many factors, the main being the severity of the disease exhibited by infected dogs. This study examines the relationship between different clinical parameters and the infectiousness to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies having a blood meal on dogs. Data obtained in the present study come from an untreated group of Leishmania sick dogs submitted to xenodiagnosis for the evaluation of a spot on insecticide solution. Seventeen dogs were diagnosed as affected by leishmaniasis through clinical examination, immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) serology, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The disease severity (clinical score) was staged by using a numeric value derived from eight clinical and parasitological parameters. Xenodiagnosis was performed on caged dogs exposed for 1.5 h to sand-fly bites. The following parameters related to sand flies were examined: blood feeding (% of blood engorged females), promastigote detection (% of promastigote-positive sand flies), promastigote burden, and the promastigote stage maturation (potential transmissibility rate). Statistical relationship between the clinical score and entomological parameters was investigated, as well as the possible correlation between each clinical and laboratory parameters and sand fly infection/infectivity. The severity of clinical score may influence the blood feeding by, and the probability of promastigote detection in, sand flies; skin lesions seem to be the main factor that influences the rate of blood feeding. Promastigote burden is related to IFAT titer, skin lesions, and clinical score. All entomological parameters are strongly related among them. This study confirms that both P. perniciosus infection and infectivity are influenced by a dog's clinical condition.
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spelling pubmed-81291992021-05-19 Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis Gizzarelli, Manuela Bosco, Antonio Foglia Manzillo, Valentina Bongiorno, Gioia Bianchi, Riccardo Giaquinto, Daniela Ben Fayala, Nour El Houda Varloud, Marie Crippa, Alessia Gradoni, Luigi Cringoli, Giuseppe Maurelli, Maria Paola Rinaldi, Laura Oliva, Gaetano Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Infected dogs are considered the main domestic animal reservoirs for Leishmania infantum parasite. Infectiousness to competent phlebotomine vectors has been associated with many factors, the main being the severity of the disease exhibited by infected dogs. This study examines the relationship between different clinical parameters and the infectiousness to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies having a blood meal on dogs. Data obtained in the present study come from an untreated group of Leishmania sick dogs submitted to xenodiagnosis for the evaluation of a spot on insecticide solution. Seventeen dogs were diagnosed as affected by leishmaniasis through clinical examination, immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) serology, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The disease severity (clinical score) was staged by using a numeric value derived from eight clinical and parasitological parameters. Xenodiagnosis was performed on caged dogs exposed for 1.5 h to sand-fly bites. The following parameters related to sand flies were examined: blood feeding (% of blood engorged females), promastigote detection (% of promastigote-positive sand flies), promastigote burden, and the promastigote stage maturation (potential transmissibility rate). Statistical relationship between the clinical score and entomological parameters was investigated, as well as the possible correlation between each clinical and laboratory parameters and sand fly infection/infectivity. The severity of clinical score may influence the blood feeding by, and the probability of promastigote detection in, sand flies; skin lesions seem to be the main factor that influences the rate of blood feeding. Promastigote burden is related to IFAT titer, skin lesions, and clinical score. All entomological parameters are strongly related among them. This study confirms that both P. perniciosus infection and infectivity are influenced by a dog's clinical condition. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8129199/ /pubmed/34017871 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.667290 Text en Copyright © 2021 Gizzarelli, Bosco, Foglia Manzillo, Bongiorno, Bianchi, Giaquinto, Ben Fayala, Varloud, Crippa, Gradoni, Cringoli, Maurelli, Rinaldi and Oliva. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Gizzarelli, Manuela
Bosco, Antonio
Foglia Manzillo, Valentina
Bongiorno, Gioia
Bianchi, Riccardo
Giaquinto, Daniela
Ben Fayala, Nour El Houda
Varloud, Marie
Crippa, Alessia
Gradoni, Luigi
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Maurelli, Maria Paola
Rinaldi, Laura
Oliva, Gaetano
Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis
title Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis
title_full Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis
title_fullStr Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis
title_full_unstemmed Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis
title_short Examining the Relationship of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters With Infectiousness to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Its Potential Infectivity in Dogs With Overt Clinical Leishmaniasis
title_sort examining the relationship of clinical and laboratory parameters with infectiousness to phlebotomus perniciosus and its potential infectivity in dogs with overt clinical leishmaniasis
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8129199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34017871
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.667290
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