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Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms

BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis (BM) is one of the common sites of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and patients with BM have a poorer prognosis. We aimed to develop two nomograms to quantify the risk of BM and predict the prognosis of RCC patients with BM. METHODS: We reviewed patients with diagnosed RCC wi...

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Autores principales: Fan, Zhiyi, Huang, Zhangheng, Huang, Xiaohui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8133862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34054954
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5575295
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author Fan, Zhiyi
Huang, Zhangheng
Huang, Xiaohui
author_facet Fan, Zhiyi
Huang, Zhangheng
Huang, Xiaohui
author_sort Fan, Zhiyi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis (BM) is one of the common sites of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and patients with BM have a poorer prognosis. We aimed to develop two nomograms to quantify the risk of BM and predict the prognosis of RCC patients with BM. METHODS: We reviewed patients with diagnosed RCC with BM in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent factors to predict BM in RCC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine independent prognostic factors for BM in RCC patients. Two nomograms were established and evaluated by calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: The study included 37,554 patients diagnosed with RCC in the SEER database, 537 of whom were BM patients. BM's risk factors included sex, tumor size, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, brain metastasis, N stage, T stage, histologic type, and grade in RCC patients. Currently, independent prognostic factors for RCC with BM included grade, histologic type, N stage, surgery, brain metastasis, and lung metastasis. The calibration curve, ROC curve, and DCA showed good performance for diagnostic and prognostic nomograms. CONCLUSIONS: Nomograms were established to predict the risk of BM in RCC and the prognosis of RCC with BM, separately. These nomograms strengthen each patient's prognosis-based decision making, which is critical in improving the prognosis of patients.
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spelling pubmed-81338622021-05-27 Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms Fan, Zhiyi Huang, Zhangheng Huang, Xiaohui J Oncol Research Article BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis (BM) is one of the common sites of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and patients with BM have a poorer prognosis. We aimed to develop two nomograms to quantify the risk of BM and predict the prognosis of RCC patients with BM. METHODS: We reviewed patients with diagnosed RCC with BM in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent factors to predict BM in RCC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine independent prognostic factors for BM in RCC patients. Two nomograms were established and evaluated by calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: The study included 37,554 patients diagnosed with RCC in the SEER database, 537 of whom were BM patients. BM's risk factors included sex, tumor size, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, brain metastasis, N stage, T stage, histologic type, and grade in RCC patients. Currently, independent prognostic factors for RCC with BM included grade, histologic type, N stage, surgery, brain metastasis, and lung metastasis. The calibration curve, ROC curve, and DCA showed good performance for diagnostic and prognostic nomograms. CONCLUSIONS: Nomograms were established to predict the risk of BM in RCC and the prognosis of RCC with BM, separately. These nomograms strengthen each patient's prognosis-based decision making, which is critical in improving the prognosis of patients. Hindawi 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8133862/ /pubmed/34054954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5575295 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhiyi Fan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Fan, Zhiyi
Huang, Zhangheng
Huang, Xiaohui
Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms
title Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms
title_full Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms
title_fullStr Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms
title_full_unstemmed Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms
title_short Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Risk and Prognostic Factors and Nomograms
title_sort bone metastasis in renal cell carcinoma patients: risk and prognostic factors and nomograms
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8133862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34054954
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5575295
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