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Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well established that microglia are activated and polarized to acquire different inflammatory phenotypes, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which act as a critical component in the neuroinflamma...

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Autores principales: Liu, Jiachen, Liu, Lirong, Wang, Xiaoyu, Jiang, Rundong, Bai, Qinqin, Wang, Gaiqing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135095/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34025674
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.675660
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author Liu, Jiachen
Liu, Lirong
Wang, Xiaoyu
Jiang, Rundong
Bai, Qinqin
Wang, Gaiqing
author_facet Liu, Jiachen
Liu, Lirong
Wang, Xiaoyu
Jiang, Rundong
Bai, Qinqin
Wang, Gaiqing
author_sort Liu, Jiachen
collection PubMed
description Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well established that microglia are activated and polarized to acquire different inflammatory phenotypes, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which act as a critical component in the neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Microglia produce pro-inflammatory mediators at the early stages after ICH onset, anti-inflammatory microglia with neuroprotective effects appear to be suppressed. Previous research found that driving microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype could restrict inflammation and engulf cellular debris. The principal objective of this review is to analyze the phenotypes and dynamic profiles of microglia as well as their shift in functional response following ICH. The results may further the understanding of the body’s self-regulatory functions involving microglia following ICH. On this basis, suggestions for future clinical development and research are provided.
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spelling pubmed-81350952021-05-21 Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research Liu, Jiachen Liu, Lirong Wang, Xiaoyu Jiang, Rundong Bai, Qinqin Wang, Gaiqing Front Immunol Immunology Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well established that microglia are activated and polarized to acquire different inflammatory phenotypes, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which act as a critical component in the neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Microglia produce pro-inflammatory mediators at the early stages after ICH onset, anti-inflammatory microglia with neuroprotective effects appear to be suppressed. Previous research found that driving microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype could restrict inflammation and engulf cellular debris. The principal objective of this review is to analyze the phenotypes and dynamic profiles of microglia as well as their shift in functional response following ICH. The results may further the understanding of the body’s self-regulatory functions involving microglia following ICH. On this basis, suggestions for future clinical development and research are provided. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8135095/ /pubmed/34025674 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.675660 Text en Copyright © 2021 Liu, Liu, Wang, Jiang, Bai and Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Liu, Jiachen
Liu, Lirong
Wang, Xiaoyu
Jiang, Rundong
Bai, Qinqin
Wang, Gaiqing
Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research
title Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research
title_full Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research
title_fullStr Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research
title_full_unstemmed Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research
title_short Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research
title_sort microglia: a double-edged sword in intracerebral hemorrhage from basic mechanisms to clinical research
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135095/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34025674
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.675660
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