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Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review

The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is at the origin of the current pandemic, predominantly manifests with severe respiratory symptoms and a heightened immune response. One characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 is its capacity to induce cytokine sto...

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Autores principales: Bui, Linda, Zhu, Zahra, Hawkins, Stephanie, Cortez-Resendiz, Alonso, Bellon, Alfredo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34046177
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211014073
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author Bui, Linda
Zhu, Zahra
Hawkins, Stephanie
Cortez-Resendiz, Alonso
Bellon, Alfredo
author_facet Bui, Linda
Zhu, Zahra
Hawkins, Stephanie
Cortez-Resendiz, Alonso
Bellon, Alfredo
author_sort Bui, Linda
collection PubMed
description The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is at the origin of the current pandemic, predominantly manifests with severe respiratory symptoms and a heightened immune response. One characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 is its capacity to induce cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Consequently, agents with the ability to regulate the immune response, such as vitamin D, could become tools either for the prevention or the attenuation of the most severe consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin D has shown antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. While SARS-CoV-2 promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines, vitamin D attenuates the release of at least some of these same molecules. Inflammatory cytokines have been associated with the clinical phenomena of COVID-19 and in particular with its most dangerous complications. Therefore, the goals of this article are as follows: first, present the numerous roles vitamin D plays in modulating the immune response; second, gather data currently available on COVID-19 clinical presentation and its relation to cytokines and similar molecules; third, expose what it is known about how coronaviruses elicit an inflammatory reaction; and fourth, discuss the potential contribution of vitamin D in reducing the risk and severity of COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-81352072021-05-26 Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review Bui, Linda Zhu, Zahra Hawkins, Stephanie Cortez-Resendiz, Alonso Bellon, Alfredo SAGE Open Med Review The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is at the origin of the current pandemic, predominantly manifests with severe respiratory symptoms and a heightened immune response. One characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 is its capacity to induce cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Consequently, agents with the ability to regulate the immune response, such as vitamin D, could become tools either for the prevention or the attenuation of the most severe consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin D has shown antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. While SARS-CoV-2 promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines, vitamin D attenuates the release of at least some of these same molecules. Inflammatory cytokines have been associated with the clinical phenomena of COVID-19 and in particular with its most dangerous complications. Therefore, the goals of this article are as follows: first, present the numerous roles vitamin D plays in modulating the immune response; second, gather data currently available on COVID-19 clinical presentation and its relation to cytokines and similar molecules; third, expose what it is known about how coronaviruses elicit an inflammatory reaction; and fourth, discuss the potential contribution of vitamin D in reducing the risk and severity of COVID-19. SAGE Publications 2021-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8135207/ /pubmed/34046177 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211014073 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review
Bui, Linda
Zhu, Zahra
Hawkins, Stephanie
Cortez-Resendiz, Alonso
Bellon, Alfredo
Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review
title Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review
title_full Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review
title_fullStr Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review
title_short Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review
title_sort vitamin d regulation of the immune system and its implications for covid-19: a mini review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34046177
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211014073
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