Prenatal diagnosis of an aberrant ductus venosus draining into the coronary sinus using two- and three-dimensional echocardiography: a case report

BACKGROUND: Ductus venosus (DV) abnormalities may be associated with intracardiac or extracardiac deformities, chromosomal anomalies, and/or congestive heart failure. Aberrant DV connecting with the coronary sinus (CS) is rare and the prenatal diagnosis presents challenges for most examiners. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2, para 1, was referred to our center at 27 gestational weeks for a full evaluation of fetal cardiac anomalies. Transverse scans indicated normal cardiac anatomy except for a dilated CS; we then scanned sagittal planes to clarify the reasons for the CS dilatation. High-definition flow imaging (HDFI) together with radiant flow (R-flow) imaging was used to delineate the aberrant DV returning to the CS, enabling the diagnosis. Three-dimensional (3D) technology was also used to obtain color-rendered images showing the spatial relationships of the vessels involved, thus confirming the two-dimensional (2D) diagnosis. Chromosomal analysis revealed a normal karyotype. The neonate appeared healthy and the echocardiogram showed a normal cardiac anatomy except for a dilated CS with the DV closed and imperceptible. CONCLUSIONS: The aberrant course of the DV returning to the CS was clearly demonstrable by traditional 2D echocardiography using HDFI and the R-flow technique. We deem it helpful to trace the inflow of the dilated CS to make the differential diagnosis. The 3D modality might also provide additional spatial information on the associated vessels and thereby assist in prenatal diagnosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03870-x.