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An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
BACKGROUND: The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes tan (syn. yellow) spot of wheat and accounts for significant yield losses worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this economically important crop disease is crucial to counteract the yield and qualit...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8136220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34011363 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00751-4 |
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author | Jacques, Silke Lenzo, Leon Stevens, Kofi Lawrence, Julie Tan, Kar-Chun |
author_facet | Jacques, Silke Lenzo, Leon Stevens, Kofi Lawrence, Julie Tan, Kar-Chun |
author_sort | Jacques, Silke |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes tan (syn. yellow) spot of wheat and accounts for significant yield losses worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this economically important crop disease is crucial to counteract the yield and quality losses of wheat globally. Substantial progress has been made to comprehend the race structure of this phytopathogen based on its production of necrotrophic effectors and genomic resources of Ptr. However, one limitation for studying Ptr in a laboratory environment is the difficulty to isolate high spore numbers from vegetative growth with mycelial contamination common. These limitations reduce the experimental tractability of Ptr. RESULTS: Here, we optimized a multitude of parameters and report a sporulation method for Ptr that yields robust, high quality and pure spores. Our methodology encompasses simple and reproducible plugging and harvesting techniques, resulting in spore yields up to 1500 fold more than the current sporulation methods and was tested on multiple isolates and races of Ptr as well as an additional seven modern Australian Ptr isolates. Moreover, this method also increased purity and spore harvest numbers for two closely related fungal pathogens (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and f. teres) that cause net blotch diseases in barley (Hordeum vulgare), highlighting the usability of this optimized sporulation protocol for the wider research community. CONCLUSIONS: Large-scale spore infection and virulence assays are essential for the screening of wheat and barley cultivars and combined with the genetic mapping of these populations allows pinpointing and exploiting sources of host genetic resistance. We anticipate that improvements in spore numbers and purity will further advance research to increase our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of these important fungal pathogens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13007-021-00751-4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8136220 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81362202021-05-21 An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Jacques, Silke Lenzo, Leon Stevens, Kofi Lawrence, Julie Tan, Kar-Chun Plant Methods Research BACKGROUND: The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes tan (syn. yellow) spot of wheat and accounts for significant yield losses worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this economically important crop disease is crucial to counteract the yield and quality losses of wheat globally. Substantial progress has been made to comprehend the race structure of this phytopathogen based on its production of necrotrophic effectors and genomic resources of Ptr. However, one limitation for studying Ptr in a laboratory environment is the difficulty to isolate high spore numbers from vegetative growth with mycelial contamination common. These limitations reduce the experimental tractability of Ptr. RESULTS: Here, we optimized a multitude of parameters and report a sporulation method for Ptr that yields robust, high quality and pure spores. Our methodology encompasses simple and reproducible plugging and harvesting techniques, resulting in spore yields up to 1500 fold more than the current sporulation methods and was tested on multiple isolates and races of Ptr as well as an additional seven modern Australian Ptr isolates. Moreover, this method also increased purity and spore harvest numbers for two closely related fungal pathogens (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and f. teres) that cause net blotch diseases in barley (Hordeum vulgare), highlighting the usability of this optimized sporulation protocol for the wider research community. CONCLUSIONS: Large-scale spore infection and virulence assays are essential for the screening of wheat and barley cultivars and combined with the genetic mapping of these populations allows pinpointing and exploiting sources of host genetic resistance. We anticipate that improvements in spore numbers and purity will further advance research to increase our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of these important fungal pathogens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13007-021-00751-4. BioMed Central 2021-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8136220/ /pubmed/34011363 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00751-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Jacques, Silke Lenzo, Leon Stevens, Kofi Lawrence, Julie Tan, Kar-Chun An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
title | An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
title_full | An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
title_fullStr | An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
title_full_unstemmed | An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
title_short | An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
title_sort | optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen pyrenophora tritici-repentis |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8136220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34011363 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00751-4 |
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