Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) as treatment for upper vaginal leiomyoma: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) is an emerging technique in the area of minimally invasive surgery. Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor, with only a few cases being reported in the literature. we demonstrate a novel approach for excision of a vaginal leiomyoma via vNOTES. To ensure reproducibility and replicability akin to a standardized procedure, we have provided a step-by-step video description of the use of vNOTES for upper anterior vaginal myomectomy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 35-year-old female (G2P0A2) presented with a tumor in the upper anterior vaginal wall, which gradually increased in size. DIAGNOSIS: A vaginal examination revealed a swollen area approximately 3-cm in diameter on the upper anterior vaginal wall. The swelling was mobile and solid. All other vitals were normal. Transvaginal ultrasound detected a 3.0 × 3.4 cm hypoechogenic mass on the superior vaginal wall, and a preoperative diagnosis of the vaginal tumor was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS: The upper vaginal leiomyoma treated using transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. OUTCOMES: The procedure lasted for 20 min, and the postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: vNOTES can be a promising alternative to traditional vaginal surgery for upper vaginal disease due to advantages such as excellent exposure, easy access and precise suturing. However, more studies are needed to assess its long-term efficacy.