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Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a bishomoleptic and a trisheteroleptic ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complex, namely, [Ru(bpy)2(2, 2′-pq)](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(bpy) (phen) (2, 2′-pq)](PF6)2 (2), respectively, where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2, 2′-pq = 2...

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Autores principales: Balou, Sofia, Zarkadoulas, Athanasios, Koukouvitaki, Maria, Marchiò, Luciano, Efthimiadou, Eleni K., Mitsopoulou, Christiana A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8137304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093697
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599773
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author Balou, Sofia
Zarkadoulas, Athanasios
Koukouvitaki, Maria
Marchiò, Luciano
Efthimiadou, Eleni K.
Mitsopoulou, Christiana A.
author_facet Balou, Sofia
Zarkadoulas, Athanasios
Koukouvitaki, Maria
Marchiò, Luciano
Efthimiadou, Eleni K.
Mitsopoulou, Christiana A.
author_sort Balou, Sofia
collection PubMed
description Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a bishomoleptic and a trisheteroleptic ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complex, namely, [Ru(bpy)2(2, 2′-pq)](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(bpy) (phen) (2, 2′-pq)](PF6)2 (2), respectively, where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2, 2′-pq = 2-(2′-pyridyl)-quinoxaline. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, (1)H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, emission spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Their structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 were crystalized in orthorhombic, Pbca, and monoclinic, P21/n systems, respectively. Various spectroscopic techniques were employed to investigate the interaction of both complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The experimental data were confirmed by molecular docking studies, employing two different DNA sequences. Both complexes, 1 and 2, bind with DNA via a minor groove mode of binding. MTT experiments revealed that both complexes induce apoptosis of MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells in low concentrations. Confocal microscopy indicated that 2 localizes in the nucleus and internalizes more efficiently in MCF-7 than in HEK-293.
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spelling pubmed-81373042021-06-04 Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline Balou, Sofia Zarkadoulas, Athanasios Koukouvitaki, Maria Marchiò, Luciano Efthimiadou, Eleni K. Mitsopoulou, Christiana A. Bioinorg Chem Appl Research Article Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a bishomoleptic and a trisheteroleptic ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complex, namely, [Ru(bpy)2(2, 2′-pq)](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(bpy) (phen) (2, 2′-pq)](PF6)2 (2), respectively, where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2, 2′-pq = 2-(2′-pyridyl)-quinoxaline. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, (1)H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, emission spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Their structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 were crystalized in orthorhombic, Pbca, and monoclinic, P21/n systems, respectively. Various spectroscopic techniques were employed to investigate the interaction of both complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The experimental data were confirmed by molecular docking studies, employing two different DNA sequences. Both complexes, 1 and 2, bind with DNA via a minor groove mode of binding. MTT experiments revealed that both complexes induce apoptosis of MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells in low concentrations. Confocal microscopy indicated that 2 localizes in the nucleus and internalizes more efficiently in MCF-7 than in HEK-293. Hindawi 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8137304/ /pubmed/34093697 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599773 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sofia Balou et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Balou, Sofia
Zarkadoulas, Athanasios
Koukouvitaki, Maria
Marchiò, Luciano
Efthimiadou, Eleni K.
Mitsopoulou, Christiana A.
Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline
title Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline
title_full Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline
title_fullStr Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline
title_short Synthesis, DNA-Binding, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bishomoleptic and Trisheteroleptic Ru-Diimine Complexes Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)-quinoxaline
title_sort synthesis, dna-binding, anticancer evaluation, and molecular docking studies of bishomoleptic and trisheteroleptic ru-diimine complexes bearing 2-(2-pyridyl)-quinoxaline
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8137304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093697
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599773
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