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The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

The ocular surface microbiome is an essential factor that maintains ocular surface homeostasis. Since the ocular surface is continuously exposed to the external environment, its microbiome, tears, and local immunity are vital for maintaining normal conditions. Additionally, this microbiome helps pre...

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Autores principales: Kittipibul, Thanachaporn, Puangsricharern, Vilavun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34026783
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.645053
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author Kittipibul, Thanachaporn
Puangsricharern, Vilavun
author_facet Kittipibul, Thanachaporn
Puangsricharern, Vilavun
author_sort Kittipibul, Thanachaporn
collection PubMed
description The ocular surface microbiome is an essential factor that maintains ocular surface homeostasis. Since the ocular surface is continuously exposed to the external environment, its microbiome, tears, and local immunity are vital for maintaining normal conditions. Additionally, this microbiome helps prevent pathogen colonization, which commonly leads to opportunistic infection. The abnormal ocular surface microbiome has previously been reported in several conditions, including dry eyes, allergy, blepharitis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Several approaches were applied to identify the ocular microbiome, including conventional culture techniques and molecular sequencing techniques. By using 16s rRNA sequencing, alterations in the type, proportion, and composition of bacterial communities, described by alpha (α)-and beta (β)-diversity, were observed in SJS patients compared to the healthy group. Conventional culture techniques indicated a higher number of positive bacterial cultures in the SJS group, with a predominance of gram-positive cocci and gram-positive bacilli. Besides, there are increased variations and multiple detections of bacterial genera. Taken together, SJS causes structural changes in the ocular surface and significantly affects its microbiome. Further studies into the area of temporal relationship, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analysis of the microbiome will lead to a better understanding of this disease. Finally, the treatment using prebiotics and probiotics to re-establish the normal ocular ecosystem and bring back a healthy ocular surface await confirmation.
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spelling pubmed-81384582021-05-22 The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Kittipibul, Thanachaporn Puangsricharern, Vilavun Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine The ocular surface microbiome is an essential factor that maintains ocular surface homeostasis. Since the ocular surface is continuously exposed to the external environment, its microbiome, tears, and local immunity are vital for maintaining normal conditions. Additionally, this microbiome helps prevent pathogen colonization, which commonly leads to opportunistic infection. The abnormal ocular surface microbiome has previously been reported in several conditions, including dry eyes, allergy, blepharitis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Several approaches were applied to identify the ocular microbiome, including conventional culture techniques and molecular sequencing techniques. By using 16s rRNA sequencing, alterations in the type, proportion, and composition of bacterial communities, described by alpha (α)-and beta (β)-diversity, were observed in SJS patients compared to the healthy group. Conventional culture techniques indicated a higher number of positive bacterial cultures in the SJS group, with a predominance of gram-positive cocci and gram-positive bacilli. Besides, there are increased variations and multiple detections of bacterial genera. Taken together, SJS causes structural changes in the ocular surface and significantly affects its microbiome. Further studies into the area of temporal relationship, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analysis of the microbiome will lead to a better understanding of this disease. Finally, the treatment using prebiotics and probiotics to re-establish the normal ocular ecosystem and bring back a healthy ocular surface await confirmation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8138458/ /pubmed/34026783 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.645053 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kittipibul and Puangsricharern. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Kittipibul, Thanachaporn
Puangsricharern, Vilavun
The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
title The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
title_full The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
title_fullStr The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
title_short The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
title_sort ocular microbiome in stevens-johnson syndrome
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34026783
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.645053
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