Cargando…

Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review

Background: Acquired rectourethral (RUF) or rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) in children are rare conditions in pediatric surgery. Prior literature are retrospective studies and based on a small number of patients. The managements and outcomes vary widely across different studies. No standard or recommen...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Huang, Xinjie, Tan, Sarah Siyin, Chen, Yajun, Li, Tian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34026691
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.657251
_version_ 1783695832985370624
author Huang, Xinjie
Tan, Sarah Siyin
Chen, Yajun
Li, Tian
author_facet Huang, Xinjie
Tan, Sarah Siyin
Chen, Yajun
Li, Tian
author_sort Huang, Xinjie
collection PubMed
description Background: Acquired rectourethral (RUF) or rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) in children are rare conditions in pediatric surgery. Prior literature are retrospective studies and based on a small number of patients. The managements and outcomes vary widely across different studies. No standard or recommended management has been universally adopted. The goal was to systematically summarize different causes, provide an overlook of current clinical trend and to derive recommendation from the literature regarding the etiology, managements, and outcomes of pediatric acquired RUF and RVF. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases were searched using terms: rectourethral fistula, recto-urethral fistula, urethrorectal fistula, urethro-rectal fistula, rectovaginal fistula. All studies were retrospective, in English, and included patients under the age of 18 years. Any series with congenital cases, adult (>18 years), <2 fistula cases less and obstetric related causes were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. Results: Of the 531 records identified, 26 articles with 163 patients (63 RUF and 100RVF) were fully analyzed. Most RUF resulted from trauma, most RVF were from infection of HIV. About 92 patients underwent 1 of 3 categories of definitive repair, including transanal (4.3%), trans-sphincteric (48.9%), and transperineal (30.4%). Tissue interposition flaps were used in 37.6% patients, while temporary fecal diversions were used in 63.9% patients. Fistula was successfully closed in 50.3% patients (98.4% RUF and 20% RVF). 89.1 and 79.7 % of surgical repair patients had optimal fecal and urinary functions, respectively. In the inflammatory bowel disease and HIV infection related RVF patient group, the closure rate was prohibitive poor. Conclusions: Most RVF are a sign of systematic diseases like HIV-infection or IBD and are associated with poor general conditions. While conservative treatment is recommended, stable patients can benefit from surgery. Further investigation is recommended if RVF are encountered without trauma or surgical history. RUF are likely to result from trauma or surgery, and transperineal or trans-sphincter approach can lead to closure and optimal function results. Fecal diversion and/or urinary diversion are helpful in some cases, while interposition technique may not be necessary. An objective scoring system for long-term follow-up and reporting consensus is needed to address treatment inconsistence.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8138555
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81385552021-05-22 Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review Huang, Xinjie Tan, Sarah Siyin Chen, Yajun Li, Tian Front Pediatr Pediatrics Background: Acquired rectourethral (RUF) or rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) in children are rare conditions in pediatric surgery. Prior literature are retrospective studies and based on a small number of patients. The managements and outcomes vary widely across different studies. No standard or recommended management has been universally adopted. The goal was to systematically summarize different causes, provide an overlook of current clinical trend and to derive recommendation from the literature regarding the etiology, managements, and outcomes of pediatric acquired RUF and RVF. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases were searched using terms: rectourethral fistula, recto-urethral fistula, urethrorectal fistula, urethro-rectal fistula, rectovaginal fistula. All studies were retrospective, in English, and included patients under the age of 18 years. Any series with congenital cases, adult (>18 years), <2 fistula cases less and obstetric related causes were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. Results: Of the 531 records identified, 26 articles with 163 patients (63 RUF and 100RVF) were fully analyzed. Most RUF resulted from trauma, most RVF were from infection of HIV. About 92 patients underwent 1 of 3 categories of definitive repair, including transanal (4.3%), trans-sphincteric (48.9%), and transperineal (30.4%). Tissue interposition flaps were used in 37.6% patients, while temporary fecal diversions were used in 63.9% patients. Fistula was successfully closed in 50.3% patients (98.4% RUF and 20% RVF). 89.1 and 79.7 % of surgical repair patients had optimal fecal and urinary functions, respectively. In the inflammatory bowel disease and HIV infection related RVF patient group, the closure rate was prohibitive poor. Conclusions: Most RVF are a sign of systematic diseases like HIV-infection or IBD and are associated with poor general conditions. While conservative treatment is recommended, stable patients can benefit from surgery. Further investigation is recommended if RVF are encountered without trauma or surgical history. RUF are likely to result from trauma or surgery, and transperineal or trans-sphincter approach can lead to closure and optimal function results. Fecal diversion and/or urinary diversion are helpful in some cases, while interposition technique may not be necessary. An objective scoring system for long-term follow-up and reporting consensus is needed to address treatment inconsistence. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8138555/ /pubmed/34026691 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.657251 Text en Copyright © 2021 Huang, Tan, Chen and Li. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
Huang, Xinjie
Tan, Sarah Siyin
Chen, Yajun
Li, Tian
Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review
title Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review
title_full Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review
title_short Acquired Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas in Children: A Systematic Review
title_sort acquired rectourethral and rectovaginal fistulas in children: a systematic review
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34026691
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.657251
work_keys_str_mv AT huangxinjie acquiredrectourethralandrectovaginalfistulasinchildrenasystematicreview
AT tansarahsiyin acquiredrectourethralandrectovaginalfistulasinchildrenasystematicreview
AT chenyajun acquiredrectourethralandrectovaginalfistulasinchildrenasystematicreview
AT litian acquiredrectourethralandrectovaginalfistulasinchildrenasystematicreview