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Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?

Interpretation of serological findings in suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB) may be challenging and IgM reactivities in serum are often unspecific (false positive). There is a risk for overdiagnosis of LB, inadequate use of antibiotics, and potential delay of proper diagnosis. In this study, we evaluat...

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Autores principales: Hillerdal, Henrik, Henningsson, Anna J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33409833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04093-2
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author Hillerdal, Henrik
Henningsson, Anna J.
author_facet Hillerdal, Henrik
Henningsson, Anna J.
author_sort Hillerdal, Henrik
collection PubMed
description Interpretation of serological findings in suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB) may be challenging and IgM reactivities in serum are often unspecific (false positive). There is a risk for overdiagnosis of LB, inadequate use of antibiotics, and potential delay of proper diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of IgM analysis in serum and IgM antibody index (AI) in LB diagnosis. This was a retrospective observational study regarding Borrelia-specific antibodies in serum and Borrelia-specific AI in LB investigations being made during 2017 in Jönköping County, Sweden. Medical records of 610 patients with detectable anti-Borrelia antibodies in serum (IgM and/or IgG) and 15 patients with elevated Borrelia-specific AI were retrospectively scrutinized, and the compliance to current European recommendations was assessed. Among the 610 patients, only 30% were tested according to the European recommendations. Within this group of tests taken correctly, 50% of the LB diagnoses in patients with isolated IgM reactivity in serum were retrospectively assessed as incorrect (LB unlikely). Three pediatric patients with clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) had elevated IgM AI alone. Serological testing without distinct clinical signs/symptoms consistent with LB contributes to most misdiagnoses. Isolated IgM positivity in serum shows limited clinical value and needs further assessment before being reported by the laboratory. Detection of IgM in combination with IgG antibodies in serum shows no clinical enhancement for correct LB diagnosis compared to isolated IgG positivity. However, Borrelia-specific IgM AI may be important for sensitivity in early LNB.
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spelling pubmed-81399192021-06-03 Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful? Hillerdal, Henrik Henningsson, Anna J. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Original Article Interpretation of serological findings in suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB) may be challenging and IgM reactivities in serum are often unspecific (false positive). There is a risk for overdiagnosis of LB, inadequate use of antibiotics, and potential delay of proper diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of IgM analysis in serum and IgM antibody index (AI) in LB diagnosis. This was a retrospective observational study regarding Borrelia-specific antibodies in serum and Borrelia-specific AI in LB investigations being made during 2017 in Jönköping County, Sweden. Medical records of 610 patients with detectable anti-Borrelia antibodies in serum (IgM and/or IgG) and 15 patients with elevated Borrelia-specific AI were retrospectively scrutinized, and the compliance to current European recommendations was assessed. Among the 610 patients, only 30% were tested according to the European recommendations. Within this group of tests taken correctly, 50% of the LB diagnoses in patients with isolated IgM reactivity in serum were retrospectively assessed as incorrect (LB unlikely). Three pediatric patients with clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) had elevated IgM AI alone. Serological testing without distinct clinical signs/symptoms consistent with LB contributes to most misdiagnoses. Isolated IgM positivity in serum shows limited clinical value and needs further assessment before being reported by the laboratory. Detection of IgM in combination with IgG antibodies in serum shows no clinical enhancement for correct LB diagnosis compared to isolated IgG positivity. However, Borrelia-specific IgM AI may be important for sensitivity in early LNB. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-01-07 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8139919/ /pubmed/33409833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04093-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
Hillerdal, Henrik
Henningsson, Anna J.
Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?
title Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?
title_full Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?
title_fullStr Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?
title_full_unstemmed Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?
title_short Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis—is IgM in serum more harmful than helpful?
title_sort serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis—is igm in serum more harmful than helpful?
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33409833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04093-2
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